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Birds

Birds - Seagull
A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2994

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
A framework for screening potential conflicts between wind farm development and Little Tern — a colony-shifting central-place-foraging seabird species Kamata, T., Ito, R., Hayakawa, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Mitigating wildlife collisions with wind turbines: A review of techniques, evidence, knowledge gaps and avenues for future research Kuzovnikova, E., Whale, J., Shephard, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
From parameter uncertainty to process simulation: rethinking collision risk models Dickins, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Integrating avian habitat suitability and modelled potential migration corridors into an ecological suitability zoning framework for sustainable wind energy deployment on the Qinghai–Tibet plateau Li, J., Zhang, R., Ma, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Site-specific curtailment thresholds substantially reduce bat mortality at wind energy facilities Ravache, A., Mailhol, C., Normand, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Migration bottlenecks: mapping available movement data to de-risk wind energy development at an early stage Jobson, B., Katariya, V. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds
Evaluating the sensitivity of raptors to wind turbine collisions: An integrative approach based on GPS tracking Schaub, T., Klaassen, R., Zutter, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Bayesian Estimates of Collision Risk and Fatalities of Columbidae at Wind Turbines in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec Sánchez-Caballero, C., Seba-Palacios, M., Cardona-Valadez, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Vertical collision risk of Red-crowned Cranes at coastal onshore wind farms in eastern China Dong, K., Hu, X., Lu, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Altimeters on albatrosses: quantifying flight heights for dynamic soaring seabirds Miller, M., Hamilton, S., Clarke, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Habitat Loss Through Renewable Energy Infrastructure: Budgeting the Energetic Consequences for Wintering Geese Vergin, L., Madsen, J., Linssen, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Multi-Sensor Logger Tracking Reveals the Threats of Offshore Windfarms to Passerine-Sized Birds Doniol-Valcroze, P., Beggs, I., Bell, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Passerines
Spatial redistribution of divers in response to offshore wind farms: A joint-likelihood Bayesian approach to assess seabird distribution changes Vilela, R., Burger, C., Diederichs, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Efficacy of Painting Wind Turbine Blades as a Mitigation Measure to Reduce Bird Collisions in a Mediterranean Wind Farm May, R., Hernández Gómez, M., Aguirre Martínez, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
Tagging and Tracking of Seabirds on the West Coast of Scotland Scottish Government Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
A spare-share scenario framework for exploring biodiversity - onshore wind trade-offs in electricity system planning Javed, M.S., Gilad, D., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Climate and Land-Use Change Reshape Shorebird Habitat Networks in China's Greater Bay Area: Trends from Scenario-Based Projections Huang, G., Hu, W., Du, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds
Food-web perspectives for marine management Beier, U., van Donk, S., Mavraki, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Evaluating interactive effects of the Conservation Reserve Program and wind energy infrastructure on grassland bird abundance in the United States McGarrigle, S. , Lassiter, E., Maguire, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Mapping the Evidence for Cumulative Adverse Effects of Offshore Wind Installations on Birds Green-Tkacenko, L.A., Allen, M.C., Lockwood, J.L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds
Ecological impacts of centralized large-scale photovoltaics and wind farms: Progress and prospects Peng, Y., Luo, Y., Xu, Z. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment
System interactions constraining offshore wind deployment in the Dutch North Sea Wakounig, I., Gooyert, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Using thermal cameras to record collisions of songbirds and bats at a wind turbine of HKZ offshore wind farm, Netherlands Krijgsveld, K., Warmer, F., Poot, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Comparing optical camera and imaging sonar observations of animal interactions with a tidal turbine Bassett, C., Cotter, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Avian Collision Risk with Reference Wind Turbines: Effects of Geometry, Operation, and Flight Height Distribution Fritz, E., Turrini, M., Breuer, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds
Identifying causes and consequences of ecosystem decline in the Irish Sea through bow-tie analysis Kolbuk, D., Bremner, J., Cahillane, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
The impact of wind turbines on the distribution and abundance of raptors at an important wintering and migration stopover site in Ontario, Canada Mitchell, K., Martin, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Integrating 3-D thermal videography, ultrasonic acoustics, and weather radar to characterize bird and bat activity at wind turbines Shultz, A., Solick, D., Whitby, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats, Birds
Variable effects of blade black-and-white designs on detection of turbine rotation by birds Blary, C., Foucart, L., Besnard, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Synergies and trade-offs between biodiversity and distance to settlements in the spatial allocation of wind power Luukkonen, S., Räsänen, A., Koivula, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Understanding citizens' responses to imagined future and existing onshore wind farms: Toward a model of environmental change communication Schmid-Petri, H., Klimmt, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Health & Safety, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Bird Behavior and Physiology: Implications for Collision and Displacement Risk WREN, Dempsey, L., Hein, C. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
An intelligent SCADA-integrated deep learning framework for bird-safe offshore wind farm operation Sultan, Y.A., Sameh, A., Gamel, S.A. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Bird migration and wind-energy production across Western Europe Bauer, S., Nussbaumer, R., Tito, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Improving understanding of distributional change for relevant seabird species (ImpUDis): Analysis of existing data Donovan, C., Clarke, C. Report Wind Energy Attraction, Displacement Birds
California Offshore Wind Environmental Monitoring Framework Eriksen, R., Merkle, E., Clark, H. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
ImpUDis project value statement The Carbon Trust Report Wind Energy Attraction, Displacement Birds
Renewable energy growth amplifies land pressure on Norwegian biodiversity Borgelt, J., Gilad, D., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
DiverLog: Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on the Behaviour, Energetics and Habitat Use of Red-throated Divers Burger, C., Salazar, S., Liedtke, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Improving understanding of distributional change for relevant seabird species (ImpUDis) Final Report Humphries, G., Bogaard, L. Report Wind Energy Attraction, Displacement Birds

Displaying 1 - 40 of 2994 results