Environmental effects of marine renewable energy off-grid and micro-grid applications: a use case approach to assess existing knowledge and remaining uncertainties
Hemery, L. , Weicht, L. , Copping, A.
September 2025
Conference Paper
Marine Energy , Tidal , Wave
Attraction , Avoidance , Changes in Flow , Collision , Displacement , EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Birds , Fish , Invertebrates , Marine Mammals , Reptiles , Sea Turtles , Human Dimensions , Fisheries , Legal & Policy , Marine Spatial Planning , Navigation , Recreation & Tourism , Social & Economic Data , Visual Impacts
Minimizing environmental risks to progress the marine renewable energy industry
Garavelli, L. , Freeman, M. , Hemery, L.
September 2025
Conference Paper
Marine Energy
Changes in Flow , Collision , Displacement , EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Ecological impacts of floating offshore wind on marine mammals and associated trophic interactions: current evidence and knowledge gaps
Harris, C. , Benjamins, S. , Scott, B.
September 2025
Journal Article
Wind Energy , Floating Offshore Wind
Attraction , Displacement , EMF , Entanglement , Noise , Vessel Strike
Ecosystem Processes , Fish , Marine Mammals
Untangling the way forward for responsible offshore wind energy: Recommendations to reduce marine life entanglement risks
Gutierrez, I , Kershaw, F , Loomis, B
September 2025
Report
Wind Energy , Fixed Offshore Wind , Floating Offshore Wind
Entanglement
Marine Mammals , Cetaceans , Reptiles , Sea Turtles
An ecological risk assessment for the impacts of offshore wind farms on sharks and rays in Australia
Werry, J. , Meager, J.
August 2025
Journal Article
Wind Energy , Fixed Offshore Wind
Attraction , Avoidance , Changes in Flow , Chemicals , Collision , Displacement , EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Lighting , Noise
Ecosystem Processes , Fish , Physical Environment , Water Quality , Human Dimensions , Fisheries
Assessing, monitoring and mitigating the effects of offshore wind farms on biodiversity
Watson, S. , Szostek, C. , Edwards-Jones, A.
August 2025
Journal Article
Wind Energy , Fixed Offshore Wind
Attraction , Displacement , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Birds , Seabirds , Fish , Invertebrates , Marine Mammals
Addressing Place-Based Environmental Questions to Enable Marine Energy Deployments
Hemery, L. , Copping, A. , Jones, K.
August 2025
Presentation
Marine Energy , Tidal , Wave
Entanglement , Habitat Change
Marine Mammals , Reptiles , Sea Turtles , Social & Economic Data , Stakeholder Engagement
Sea Space Analysis for Wave and Tidal Energy
Lee, S. , Strong, V. , Anning, D.
July 2025
Report
Marine Energy , Tidal , Wave
Avoidance , Changes in Flow , Chemicals , Collision , Displacement , EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Birds , Seabirds , Fish , Invertebrates , Marine Mammals , Physical Environment , Water Quality , Human Dimensions , Fisheries , Legal & Policy , Marine Spatial Planning , Navigation , Recreation & Tourism , Social & Economic Data , Stakeholder Engagement , Visual Impacts
Marine Mammal Monitoring: Methods, Technologies, and Opportunities for Innovation
Dorrian, N. , Ferguson, E. , Scala, L.
July 2025
Report
Wind Energy
Avoidance , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise , Vessel Strike
Marine Mammals
Offshore Wind Energy and Whales: TBC Industry Briefing Note
The Biodiversity Consultancy
May 2025
Guidance
Wind Energy , Fixed Offshore Wind , Floating Offshore Wind
Entanglement , Noise , Vessel Strike
Marine Mammals , Cetaceans
Frequently Asked Questions: Offshore Wind and Whales
Whale Communications Committee
May 2025
Report
Wind Energy , Fixed Offshore Wind , Floating Offshore Wind
Avoidance , Displacement , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Marine Mammals , Cetaceans
Effects and management implications of emerging marine renewable energy technologies
Copping, A. , Wood, D. , Rumes, B.
May 2025
Journal Article
Marine Energy , OTEC , Salinity Gradient
Chemicals , EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Bats , Birds , Fish , Marine Mammals
Entanglement Evidence Base
OES-Environmental
April 2025
Summary
Marine Energy , Wind Energy , Floating Offshore Wind
Entanglement
Stressor-Specific Guidance Document: Entanglement
OES-Environmental
April 2025
Report
Marine Energy
Entanglement
Marine Renewable Energy: An Introduction to Environmental Effects
OES-Environmental
April 2025
Summary
Marine Energy , Tidal , Wave
Changes in Flow , Collision , Displacement , EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Birds , Ecosystem Processes , Fish , Invertebrates , Marine Mammals , Physical Environment , Human Dimensions
2024 West Coast Whale Entanglement Summary
NOAA Fisheries
April 2025
Summary
Entanglement
Marine Mammals , Cetaceans
Improving decisionmaking in relation to offshore wind priority knowledge and decision support needs for Australia
Australian Marine Conservation Society
April 2025
Report
Wind Energy
Changes in Flow , Collision , EMF , Entanglement , Noise , Vessel Strike
Birds , Fish , Marine Mammals , Cetaceans , Physical Environment , Human Dimensions
Offshore wind FAQs
Australian Marine Conservation Society
April 2025
Report
Wind Energy
Attraction , Avoidance , Collision , Displacement , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise , Vessel Strike
Birds , Fish , Invertebrates , Marine Mammals , Cetaceans
Tidal Stream Energy Project: Collision Risk Data and Evidence Summary
Phillips, E. , Wren, S. , King, G.
March 2025
Report
Marine Energy , Tidal
Avoidance , Collision , EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Birds , Seabirds , Fish , Demersal Fish , Pelagic Fish , Invertebrates , Marine Mammals , Cetaceans , Pinnipeds , Physical Environment , Sediment Transport , Human Dimensions , Legal & Policy
Sustainability Assessment of an Oscillating Water Column During the Design, Installation, Operation, and Disassembly Phases
Gallego-Ramírez, C. , López-Mosquera, J. , Chica, E.
March 2025
Journal Article
Marine Energy , Wave
Attraction , Avoidance , Changes in Flow , Chemicals , Collision , Displacement , EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise , Vessel Strike
Birds , Ecosystem Processes , Fish , Invertebrates , Marine Mammals , Cetaceans , Pinnipeds , Physical Environment , Sediment Transport , Water Quality , Human Dimensions , Environmental Impact Assessment , Fisheries , Navigation , Recreation & Tourism , Social & Economic Data , Visual Impacts
Exploring Approaches to Fisheries’ Coexistence with Floating Offshore Wind
Sandzen, A. , Bakhsh, T. , MacDonald, H.
March 2025
Report
Wind Energy , Floating Offshore Wind
Entanglement
Human Dimensions , Fisheries , Stakeholder Engagement
Outlook on the development of eco-friendly offshore renewable energy technologies
Sun, P. , Jiang, Z. , Chen, Y.
February 2025
Journal Article
Marine Energy , Tidal , Wave , Wind Energy , Fixed Offshore Wind , Floating Offshore Wind
Changes in Flow , Collision , EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Birds , Seabirds , Fish , Invertebrates , Marine Mammals , Human Dimensions , Legal & Policy , Marine Spatial Planning
Glider Surveillance for Near-Real-Time Detection and Spatial Management of North Atlantic Right Whales
Indeck, K. , Baumgartner, M. , Lecavalier, L.
January 2025
Journal Article
Wind Energy , Fixed Offshore Wind
Entanglement , Noise , Vessel Strike
Marine Mammals , Cetaceans
Environmental Effects of Offshore Wind Energy in the Gulf of Mexico: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs [Booklet]
Severy, M. , Farr, H. , Richlen, M.
January 2025
Summary
Wind Energy , Fixed Offshore Wind , Floating Offshore Wind
Changes in Flow , Collision , EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise , Vessel Strike
Bats , Birds , Ecosystem Processes , Fish , Invertebrates , Marine Mammals , Physical Environment , Reptiles , Sea Turtles
A Fuzzy Logic Technique for the Environmental Impact Assessment of Marine Renewable Energy Power Plants
Flores, P. , Mendoza, E.
January 2025
Journal Article
Marine Energy , Ocean Current , OTEC , Tidal , Wave
Attraction , Avoidance , Chemicals , Collision , Displacement , EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Birds , Fish , Marine Mammals , Physical Environment , Human Dimensions , Environmental Impact Assessment , Visual Impacts
Floating Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure
Nielsen, K. , Robertson, B. , Sierman, J.
January 2025
Report
Wind Energy , Fixed Offshore Wind , Floating Offshore Wind
Attraction , Avoidance , Changes in Flow , Collision , Displacement , EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Bats , Birds , Ecosystem Processes , Fish , Invertebrates , Marine Mammals , Cetaceans , Physical Environment , Reptiles , Sea Turtles , Human Dimensions , Legal & Policy , Marine Spatial Planning , Stakeholder Engagement
Scenarios for Replacing Conventional Energy With Offshore Renewable Energy Along the Central California Coast
Ruttenberg, B. , Wang, Y. , Walter, R.
December 2024
Report
Wind Energy , Floating Offshore Wind
Avoidance , Changes in Flow , Collision , Displacement , Entanglement , Noise
Bats , Birds , Fish , Invertebrates , Marine Mammals , Cetaceans , Fisheries , Legal & Policy , Marine Spatial Planning
Wave and Tidal Energy: Evaluation of Feasibility, Costs, and Benefits Senate Bill 605 Report
Lee, S. , Strong, V. , Aspen Environmental Group
November 2024
Report
Marine Energy , Tidal , Wave
Avoidance , Changes in Flow , Collision , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Birds , Fish , Marine Mammals , Human Dimensions , Legal & Policy , Social & Economic Data
MASTS ASM 2024 Workshop Proceeding: Tracking Top Predators in Marine Renewable Energy Development Areas
Sutherland, J.
November 2024
Marine Energy , Wind Energy
Attraction , Chemicals , Collision , Displacement , EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change
Birds , Ecosystem Processes , Fish , Marine Mammals , Cetaceans , Pinnipeds
NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
October 2024
Report
Wind Energy , Fixed Offshore Wind , Floating Offshore Wind
EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Birds , Seabirds , Ecosystem Processes , Fish , Marine Mammals , Human Dimensions , Fisheries , Legal & Policy , Marine Spatial Planning
OES-Environmental 2024 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World
OES-Environmental
September 2024
Report
Marine Energy , OTEC , Tidal , Wave
Attraction , Avoidance , Changes in Flow , Collision , Displacement , EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Birds , Ecosystem Processes , Fish , Invertebrates , Marine Mammals , Physical Environment , Reptiles , Sea Turtles , Terrestrial Mammals , Human Dimensions , Legal & Policy , Recreation & Tourism , Stakeholder Engagement
2024 State of the Science Report - Chapter 3: Marine Renewable Energy: Stressor-Receptor Interactions
Garavelli, L. , Hemery, L. , Rose, D.
September 2024
Report
Marine Energy , OTEC , Tidal , Wave
Changes in Flow , Collision , Displacement , EMF , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Birds , Ecosystem Processes , Fish , Invertebrates , Marine Mammals , Physical Environment , Reptiles
Short Science Summary 2024: Entanglement
OES-Environmental
September 2024
Summary
Marine Energy
Entanglement
Spatial planning offshore wind energy farms in California for mediating fisheries and wildlife conservation impacts
White, C. , Wang, Y-H. , Walter, R.
September 2024
Journal Article
Wind Energy , Floating Offshore Wind
Collision , Displacement , Entanglement
Birds , Seabirds , Fish , Marine Mammals , Cetaceans , Human Dimensions , Fisheries , Marine Spatial Planning
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) , US Department of the Interior (DOI)
September 2024
Report
Wind Energy , Fixed Offshore Wind
Attraction , Avoidance , Changes in Flow , Chemicals , Collision , Displacement , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Lighting , Noise
Bats , Birds , Ecosystem Processes , Fish , Demersal Fish , Pelagic Fish , Invertebrates , Marine Mammals , Cetaceans , Pinnipeds , Physical Environment , Water Quality , Human Dimensions , Environmental Impact Assessment , Fisheries , Legal & Policy , Marine Spatial Planning , Navigation , Recreation & Tourism , Stakeholder Engagement
Evaluating the Impacts of Offshore Wind Development on Marine Ecosystems
King, C.
September 2024
Thesis
Fixed Offshore Wind , Floating Offshore Wind
Attraction , Avoidance , Collision , Displacement , Entanglement , Noise , Vessel Strike
Bats , Birds , Ecosystem Processes , Fish , Marine Mammals , Cetaceans , Pinnipeds , Reptiles , Sea Turtles
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf, Offshore Oregon Final Environmental Assessment
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) , US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) , US Army Corps of Engineers
August 2024
Report
Wind Energy , Fixed Offshore Wind
Collision , Entanglement , Habitat Change , Noise
Bats , Birds , Fish , Invertebrates , Marine Mammals , Reptiles , Sea Turtles , Human Dimensions , Environmental Impact Assessment
Challenges and Opportunities for Floating Offshore Wind Energy in Ultradeep Waters of the Central Atlantic
Musial, W. , McCoy, A. , Hernando, D.
August 2024
Report
Wind Energy , Floating Offshore Wind
Entanglement , Habitat Change , Lighting , Noise
Human Dimensions , Social & Economic Data
Building Sustainable Offshore Wind Futures Through Collaborative Research Programs
Savitsky, I. , Shumchenia, E. , Bland, K.
July 2024
Presentation
Wind Energy , Fixed Offshore Wind , Floating Offshore Wind
Collision , Entanglement
Birds , Marine Mammals , Cetaceans , Human Dimensions , Stakeholder Engagement
Impacts to Whales and Other Marine Mammals
California Ocean Science Trust
July 2024
Summary
Wind Energy , Floating Offshore Wind
Displacement , Entanglement , Vessel Strike
Marine Mammals , Cetaceans , Pinnipeds