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Birds

Birds - Seagull
A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2836

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Short Science Summary: Raptor Monitoring and Minimization Technologies WREN, Dempsey, L., Hein, C. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2023 Magnus, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
Floating Offshore Wind: an example of Environmental Management Plan focused on protecting and promoting biodiversity, and fishing resources Ugena Ispizua, A., Del Real Tuñón, J., Eggers Ruiz, L. Presentation Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Modelling population-level impacts of wind farm collision risk on Welsh Red Kites Hereward, H., Macgregor, C., Gabb, O. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Wozep Ecological Programme: Knowledge day Wozep/MONS 2024 WOZEP Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Mapping seabird vulnerability to offshore wind farms in Norwegian waters Fauchald, P., Ollus, V., Ballesteros, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Prioritizing landscapes for mitigating the impacts of onshore wind farms on multidimensional waterbird diversity in the Yellow Sea Zhao, S., Xu, H., Wang, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Shorebirds
What level of monitoring is enough to detect displacement effects of offshore wind farms? Hall, R., Black, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
The global impact of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services Watson, S., Somerfield, P., Lemasson, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Offshore wind energy potential along the Indian Coast considering ecological safeguards Bonthu, S., Purvaja, R., Singh, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Winter 2023-2024 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitefield, P. Report Wind Energy Birds
A standardized protocol for assessing the performance of automatic detection systems used in onshore wind power plants to reduce avian mortality Ballester, C., Dupont, S., Corbeau, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
PrePARED Annual Report 2023 Marine Scotland, University of Aberdeen, SMRU Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Geese migrating over the Pacific Ocean select altitudes coinciding with offshore wind turbine blades Weiser, E., Overton, C., Douglas, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Waterfowl
New England Wind Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Overview of Predation by Birds, Cephalopods, Fish and Marine Mammals on Marine Benthic Amphipods Dauvin, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Challenges in quantifying the responses of Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla to habitat variables and local stressors due to individual variation O'Hanlon, N., Thaxter, C., Clewley, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
6th ScotMER Symposium: ECOWind Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy Birds, Physical Environment
6th ScotMER Symposium: Ornithology 1 Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy Birds
6th ScotMER Symposium: OWEC Programme Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy EMF Birds
Using remote-sensing data to study the rapid growth of wind farms and their impact on bird habitat in Yellow Sea Wetland, China Zheng, Y., Wu, J., Sheviakina, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
6th ScotMER Symposium: Ornithology 2 Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy Birds
Wind Farms and Power Lines Reduced the Territory Status and Probability of Fledgling Production in the Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Husby, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors
Does size matter? Investigation of the effect of wind turbine size on bird and bat mortality Garvin, J., Simonis, J., Taylor, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Integrated Science Plan for Offshore Wind, Wildlife, and Habitat in U.S. Atlantic Waters Regional Wildlife Science Collaborative for Offshore Wind (RWSC) Webpage Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Cumulative effects of offshore wind farms on common guillemots (Uria aalge) in the southern North Sea - climate versus biodiversity? Peschko, V., Schwemmer, H., Mercker, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
AppSaS – Apportioning seabirds seen-at-sea: WP1 - Review The Carbon Trust Report Birds, Seabirds
NextWind: Advancing Wind Energy Technology Using Real-Time Monitoring Systems in a Digital Twin Application Siddiqi, K., Kramer, S., Schneider, S. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
AppSaS – Apportioning seabirds seen-at-sea: WP4 - Tool development The Carbon Trust Report Birds, Seabirds
Assessing areas suitable for offshore wind energy considering potential risk to breeding seabirds in northern Japan Obane, H., Kazama, K., Hashimoto, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
AppSaS – Apportioning seabirds seen-at-sea — WP2 - Data Acquisition The Carbon Trust Report Birds, Seabirds
AppSaS – Apportioning seabirds seen-at-sea: Project executive summary The Carbon Trust Report Birds, Seabirds
Apportioning seabirds seen-at-sea (AppSaS): Apportioning in the nonbreeding season tool (ANBS) — User Guide to the ANBS tool The Carbon Trust Report Birds, Seabirds
Avian Monitoring with CCTV Cameras on Floating Wind Turbines Spoor, Equinor Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Habitatverlies van alken en zeekoeten in en rondom offshore windpark Gemini Grundlehner, A., Leopold, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
AppSaS – Apportioning seabirds seen-at-sea: WP3 - Method evaluation The Carbon Trust Report Birds, Seabirds
Predicting the spatial distribution of wintering golden eagles to inform full annual cycle conservation in western North America Wallace, Z., Bedrosian, B., Dunk, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Post-construction Monitoring Study for the California Ridge Wind Farm Champaign and Vermilion Counties, Illinois DuBridge, K., Wilson, G., Ritzert, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Post-Construction Monitoring Study for the Crescent Wind Project Hillsdale County, Michigan Fritchman, C., Ciecka, A., Pickle, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Localized Eco-Climatic Impacts of Onshore Wind Farms: A Review Ze, J., Xiuchun, Y., Ang, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment

Displaying 321 - 360 of 2836 results