Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Total results: 3862
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Integration of sustainability, stakeholder and process approaches for sustainable offshore wind farm decommissioning Spielmann, V., Brey, T., Dannheim, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Socio-economic impact of a 200 MW floating wind farm in Gran Canaria Schallenberg-Rodriguez, J., Inchausti-Sintes, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
When speed matters: The importance of flight speed in an avian collision risk model Masden, E., Cook, A., McCluskie, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Comprehensive comparison of multiple renewable power generation methods: A combination analysis of life cycle assessment and ecological footprint Gao, C., Zhu, S., An, N. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Life-cycle impacts of wind energy development on bird diversity in Norway May, R., Jackson, C., Middel, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
A roadmap towards quantitative cumulative impact assessments: Every step of the way Piet, G., Tamis, J., Volwater, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Abundance and behavior of little egrets (Egretta garzetta) near an onshore wind farm in Chongming Dongtan, China Xu, H., Zhao, S., Song, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Waterfowl
Brazil's offshore wind energy potential assessment based on a Spatial Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Vinhoza, A., Schaeffer, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Sustainable energy planning for remote islands and the waste legacy from renewable energy infrastructure deployment Kouloumpis, V., Yan, X. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Chemicals, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Bat Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Hein, C., Williams, K., Jenkins, E. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision Bats
Marine Mammals Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Southall, B., Morse, L., Williams, K. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals
Environmental Stratification Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Carpenter, J., Williams, K., Jenkins, E. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Sea Turtle Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Gitschlag, G., Perry, R., Williams, K. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Reptiles
Benthos Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Degraer, S., Hutchison, Z., LoBue, C. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects California State Lands Commission Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts
Workgroup Report on Sound and Vibration Effects on Fishes and Aquatic Invertebrates for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Popper, A., Hice-Dunton, L., Williams, K. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates
Bird Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Cook, A., Williams, K., Jenkins, E. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Changes in flight paths of large-bodied birds after construction of large terrestrial wind turbines Therkildsen, O., Balsby, T., Kjeldsen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
The impact of public acceptance on cost efficiency and environmental sustainability in decentralized energy systems Weinand, J., McKenna, R., Kleinebrahm, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Modeling Small Scale Impacts of Multi-Purpose Platforms: An Ecosystem Approach Serpetti, N., Benjamins, S., Brain, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Assessing the potential areas for developing offshore wind energy in Japanese territorial waters considering national zoning and possible social conflicts Obane, H., Nagai, Y., Asano, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Carbon-rich soils, deep peat and priority peatland habitat: Expert views on project level assessment Mills, A., Massey, K., Trinick, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
Introducing offshore wind energy in the sea space: Canary Islands case study developed under Maritime Spatial Planning principles Abramic, A., Mendoza, A., Haroun, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Sustainable co-location solutions for offshore wind farms and fisheries need to account for socio-ecological trade-offs Stelzenmüller, V., Gimpel, A., Haslob, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Environmental impacts of offshore wind installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning activities: A case study of Brazil Hernández Carrascal, O., Shadman, M., Amiri, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals
Working Group on Marine Benthal and Renewable Energy Developments (WGMBRED) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
A comparison of the financial benefits arising from private and community owned wind farms Aquatera Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Demographic and potential biological removal models identify raptor species sensitive to current and future wind energy Diffendorfer, J., Stanton, J., Beston, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities Farr, H., Ruttenberg, B., Walter, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Entrapment, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy on Seafood Sectors: A Macroeconomic Perspective of the Energy-Food Nexus Qu, Y. Thesis Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
The efficiency and coastal protection provided by a floating wind farm operating in the Romanian nearshore Girleanu, A., Onea, F., Rusu, E. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials Akhtar, N., Geyer, B., Rockel, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Land use for United States power generation: A critical review of existing metrics with suggestions for going forward Wachs, E., Engel, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Social & Economic Data
Vibrational noise from wind energy-turbines negatively impacts earthworm abundance Velilla, E., Collinson, E., Bellato, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Invertebrates
Wind energy's bycatch: Offshore wind deployment impacts on hydropower operation and migratory fish Pfeiffer, O., Nock, D., Baker, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Fish, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
A call to assess the impacts of electromagnetic fields from subsea cables on the movement ecology of marine migrants Klimley, A., Putnam, N., Keller, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Invertebrates
State of the Science Workshop on Offshore Wind and Wildlife 2020: Cumulative Impacts NYSERDA Presentation Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Characterisation of the Potential Impacts of Subsea Power Cables Associated with Offshore Renewable Energy Projects Taormina, B., Quillienn, N., Lejart, M. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates
A modelling evaluation of electromagnetic fields emitted by buried subsea power cables and encountered by marine animals: considerations for marine renewable energy development Hutchison, Z., Gill, A., Sigray, P. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Spatial and temporal analysis of cumulative environmental effects of offshore wind farms in the North Sea basin Gusatu, L., Menegon, S., Depellegrin, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Chemicals, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
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