Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Wind Energy.

Total: 7369

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Sound pressure kurtosis analysis for impact pile driving including noise mitigation Peng, Y., Sertlek, O., Tsouvalas, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Assessing the impacts of offshore wind turbines on suspended sediments concentration in northern China coastal waters on the basis of Sentinel-1/2 Hou, Y., Yu, D., Xing, Q. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Physical Environment
A call to standardize metrics for monitoring baleen whales near marine construction activities Szesciorka, A., Severy, M., Ampela, K. Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Combining the cumulative impact and marine use conflict-synergy assessment for identifying priority potential conservation areas for estuarine spatial planning Zhu, Z., Zeng, C., Yang, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Transactional or transformative? Offshore wind developer perspectives on community benefit mechanisms in the United States Ruscetta, L., Korein, E., Miller, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Estimating the traffic rates of bats migrating across the North and Baltic Seas to develop efficient mitigation measures at offshore wind energy facilities Seebens-Hoyer, A., Bach, L., Pommeranz, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats
Understanding the role of offshore energy structures in ecosystem service delivery: Applying global findings to the North Sea Squire, M., Madgett, A., Burdon, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes
Electromagnetic fields from submarine power cables: A 35 Year synthesis of effects on aquatic biota James, E., Ghodsi, M., Ford, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Evaluating environmental impacts and public preferences in offshore wind farm decommissioning Stranddorf, L., Ladenburg, J., Rönnblom, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement
Evaluating environmental impacts and public preferences in offshore wind farm decommissioning Stranddorf, L., Ladenburg, J., Rönnblom, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Offshore Energy and Environmental Research Ryu, S., Dempsey, L., Ampela, K. Summary Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions
Reimagining community-centered engagement to guide offshore wind planning and development Henderson, C., Duffy, K., Rose, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Effects of Onshore Wind Energy on Semi-Domesticated Reindeer WREN, Min Thant, Z., May, R. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions
Near Real-Time Passive Acoustic Mitigation Monitoring: Three Case Studies Malinka, C., Tabbutt, S., Matei, M. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Exploratory study on offshore aquaculture suitability and co-location with marine renewable energy in Portugal Costa, C. , Miranda, F., Clemente, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Health & Safety, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation
Offshore Renewable Energy Development on the West Coast: Understanding Effects on Shipping, Fisheries, and Maritime Activities National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Current state of Environmental Reporting for the Renewables and Grid Sector Stefanoudis, P., Sheikh, N., Cook, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Movement Models to Predict Low-Altitude Flight of Soaring Birds Using Look-Ahead Environmental Factors Sandhu, R., Tripp, C., Quon, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Review of Aberdeen Bay Collision Monitoring Data Cook, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
New Factsheets shed light on the key role of data collection and monitoring for nature-friendly offshore wind and grids Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) Webpage Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Offshore wind and aquaculture co-location: challenges and opportunities in US Federal Waters Couture, J., Jensen, B., Riley, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Offshore Wind and the Spatial Squeeze: A Plausible Future Layout for the North Sea Waldman, S., Munro, P., Gilmour, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Governing through inscription: eDNA biodiversity monitoring in North Sea offshore wind energy parks Kristensen, S., Pauwelussen, A., Bush, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
How risky is the development of Offshore Wind Farms on a Mediterranean island?A case study in Paros, Greece Skiniti, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Mapping avian sensitivity to support onshore wind energy development and bird conservation in two European countries Biasotto, L., Serratosa, J., Clark, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Fish and Fisheries Offshore Wind Research Gaps Analysis Responsible Offshore Science Alliance (ROSA) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
Hidden movers in the wind farm: Functional stakeholders improving offshore wind development in Taiwan Chang, Y., Hung, Y-P., Hsu, T-Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Conservation potential of offshore windfarms for epibenthic invertebrates and fish communities in a heavily used regional sea Probst, W., Rehren, J., Kraan, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
The Status of Marine Energy of Costa Rica: Challenges and Opportunities for Grid Integration Rojas-Morales, J., Vega-Sánchez, C., Guerrero-Fernández, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Evidence Review Note: Marine Historic Environment Offshore Wind Evidence Knowledge Hub Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Establishing floating offshore wind as a mainstream energy solution Harvey, M., Coccoli, C. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Hierarchical mixture models and high-resolution monitoring data can inform siting and operational strategies to mitigate bat fatalities at wind turbines Labuzzetta, C., Johnson, A., Andress, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Powering the Offshore Wind Future in Northern Japan: Opportunities and Recommendations Ocean Energy Pathway Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Marine renewables may just be what Canada needs. Right now. And in the future. Marine Renewables Canada Report Marine Energy, Riverine, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Marine Renewable Energy Sector Vision 2050 Marine Renewables Canada Report Marine Energy, Riverine, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Marine Renewable Energy Sector Vision 2050 Marine Renewables Canada Report Marine Energy, Riverine, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Ecological impacts of offshore wind power construction and operation on zooplankton communities in South China sea Peng, Z., Lu, M., Huang, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Invertebrates
Improving the evidence base for coexistence between offshore renewables and commercial fishing Harding, J., Boblin, E., Coyle, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
PrePARED Annual Report 2025 Marine Scotland, University of Aberdeen, SMRU Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Three-dimensional spatial planning of collection systems in floating offshore wind farms: A two-stage optimization method Tao, S., Yang, J., Zheng, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Displaying 1 - 40 of 7369 results