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Land-Based Wind

Wind Turbine on farmland
Capturing energy from onshore wind.

Land-based wind energy technologies harness kinetic energy from the wind to generate electricity. While wind energy is very abundant in many parts of the world, wind resource development may compete with other land uses and have the potential to negatively impact birds and bats, terrestrial mammals, and the physical environment overall.

The greatest environmental concern with land-based wind is collision risk for birds and bats. The construction and maintenance process can alter the physical environment by destroying or fragmenting key habitats. There are also concerns about noise and visual impacts to both the environment and people. Effects of transmission lines are also a consideration as they produce an electromagnetic field that may be harmful to some organisms. Additionally, changes in flow may also be a concern, with large wind farms potentially causing large-scale atmospheric changes.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Land-Based Wind.

Total: 2265

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Integrating 3-D thermal videography, ultrasonic acoustics, and weather radar to characterize bird and bat activity at wind turbines Shultz, A., Solick, D., Whitby, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats, Birds
Synergies and trade-offs between biodiversity and distance to settlements in the spatial allocation of wind power Luukkonen, S., Räsänen, A., Koivula, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
A spatially explicit environmental performance indicator accounting for different life-cycle impact pathways of onshore wind energy infrastructure Reto, S., Thomas, K., Roel, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Bird Behavior and Physiology: Implications for Collision and Displacement Risk WREN, Dempsey, L., Hein, C. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
GIS-based simulation for wind farm site suitability analysis: A systematic review Nguyen, D-T., Nguyen, T-T., Nguyen, N-H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
Community preferences and expectations for end-of-life management strategies of wind farms: A prospective study Zhang, W., Nishikizawa, S., Murayama, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Effects of Land-Based Wind Energy on Ecosystems WREN, Thant, Z., May, R. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes
Bird migration and wind-energy production across Western Europe Bauer, S., Nussbaumer, R., Tito, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
More than a box to check: the experience of state and federal wildlife regulators in the renewable energy development process Burch, C., Loraamm, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Renewable energy growth amplifies land pressure on Norwegian biodiversity Borgelt, J., Gilad, D., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Preferences of young people reshape modeled national energy system designs toward offshore wind Javed, M.S., Fossheim, K., Roithner, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
3rd Edition: Summary of Bat Fatality Monitoring Data Contained in AWWIC Land-based Wind Energy Monitoring Database Schauber, E., Butryn, R., Felton, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bio-informed blade patterns for mitigating bird collisions with wind turbines Brighton, C., Portugal, S., Taylor, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Winds of change – modelling the onshore wind energy landscape of Great Britain for Net Zero targets von Hellfeld, R., Reid, J., Eddine-Lomas, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
The effect of wind power on residential property values in Norway Andersen, M., Grimsrud, K., Lindhjem, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Data-driven landscape scenicness mapping for continental-scale onshore wind resource assessment Chen, R., Pelser, T., Lohrmann, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Species-specific acoustic responses by bats to ultrasonic stimuli used for reducing bat-wind turbine interactions Guest, E., Weaver, S., Hale, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Factors shaping the siting of utility-scale solar and wind projects in the United States Wu, G., Min, Y., Deshmukh, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Mistimed surveys lead to underestimated migratory bird impacts from wind farms Shi, X., Holden, W., Simmonds, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Airflow Dynamics and Bat Behavior Near Wind Energy Turbines and Trees Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Bat Visual Systems and Wind Energy Clerc, J., Dempsey, L., ECO Wind Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Lighting Bats
Land-Based Wind Energy Stimuli and Wildlife Sensory Environments Dempsey, L., Clerc, J., ECO Wind Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise
Bird collisions with wind generators in China: a review of avoidance and minimization measures Friedrich, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
National assessment reveals widespread wind farm impacts on land surface temperature and vegetation in China Li, Z., Yan, L., Yingzuo, Q. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Implications of surveyor accuracy in bird flight height estimation for wind farm collision risk assessment Largey, N., Edwards, H., Fernandez-Bellon, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Impacts of Renewable Energy Sources on Biological Diversity and Conservation: An Overview Saad, S., Mohamed Abou El Leil, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Raptors
Assessing the associations between renewable energy generation and other human-induced threats to terrestrial biodiversity Gorosábel, A., Farooq, H., Mulligan, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals
Effects of Onshore Wind Energy on Semi-Domesticated Reindeer WREN, Thant, Z., May, R. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions
Song flight and 3D thermal detection provide evidence for bat attraction to wind turbines in Central Europe Nagy, M., Hochradel, K., Haushalter, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Assessing vertical stratification of bats and nocturnal insects to infer potential collision risk at wind turbines in central Thailand Srilopan, S., Krauel, J., Srilopan, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Movement Models to Predict Low-Altitude Flight of Soaring Birds Using Look-Ahead Environmental Factors Sandhu, R., Tripp, C., Quon, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A four-step path to nature-inclusive offshore wind and grids Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) Guidance Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
GINGR Annual Report 2025 Global Initiative for Nature, Grids and Renewables (GINGR) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Coexistence between migratory birds and wind energy production: The Gotthard wind park (Switzerland) as a case study Tettamanti, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Habitat and site age drive carcass persistence at wind energy facilities: Evidence from a large-scale analysis Ravache, A. , Huso, M., Barre, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Establishing baselines for echolocating bat activity at wind farms in mainland Southeast Asia Furey, N., Tu, V., Hitch, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Evaluation of the Impact of Environmentally Driven Curtailment Regulations on Wind Farm Energy Production Gonzalez, J., Rodríguez, A., Expósito, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Hierarchical mixture models and high-resolution monitoring data can inform siting and operational strategies to mitigate bat fatalities at wind turbines Labuzzetta, C., Johnson, A., Andress, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bonney Downs Wind Farm Environmental Review Document Jacobs Engineering Group Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Out With the Old: Empirical Trends in U.S. Land-Based Wind Turbine Decommissioning and Repowering Rand, J., Kramer, L., Hoen, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind

Displaying 1 - 40 of 2265 results