Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2731

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Bird Survival in Wind Farms by Monte-Carlo Simulation Modelling Based on Wide-Ranging Flight Tracking Data of Multiple Birds During Different Seasons Yordanov, N., Nabielek, H., Bedev, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Project WOW Acoustic Sampling Strategies, Platforms, and Initial Results Nowacek, D., Rice, A., Southall, B. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Environmental effects of marine renewable energy off-grid and micro-grid applications: a use case approach to assess existing knowledge and remaining uncertainties Hemery, L., Weicht, L., Copping, A. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Wind Farms and Power Lines: A Dual Threat to Seabirds in Brazil Revorêdo, R., Santana, V., Tavares-Damasceno, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Unravelling the relationship between digitalisation and sustainable energy transitions using socio-technical-ecological scripts Schmidt-Scheele, R., Mattes, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
ORJIP Closing the Loop: Synthesis of evidence (D01) Jones, E.L., Hague, A., Skeate, E.R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Assessment of Federal Offshore Wind Permitting and Environmental Review Processes Hartnett, M., Morandi, A., Reynolds, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Visual Impacts
ORJIP Closing the Loop: Recommendations and roadmap (D05) Jones, E., Hague, A., Booth, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Revised Marine Bird Collision and Displacement Vulnerability Index for U.S. Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Wind Energy Development Kelsey, E., Felis, J., Pereksta, D. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Assessing, monitoring and mitigating the effects of offshore wind farms on biodiversity Watson, S., Szostek, C., Edwards-Jones, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
The Scottish Seabird Conservation Action Plan Scottish Government Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Scottish seabird conservation action plan: vulnerability report Scottish Government Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Aeroecology drives seasonal movements and predicts future distributions of a critically endangered terrestrial bird Braham, M., Brandes, D., Poessel, S. Journal Article Birds
Strategic Compensation Studies: Efficacy of predator reduction measures – a literature review Tarbet, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Terrestrial Mammals
Detection of management events at wind turbines Harendt, S., Bruns, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
A review of the Biological Defined Minimum Population Scale (BDMPS) approach and methodology to apportioning non-breeding season impacts on seabirds arising from offshore wind farms Johnston, D., Langlois Lopez, S., Humphreys, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Sea Space Analysis for Wave and Tidal Energy Lee, S., Strong, V., Anning, D. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Wind farms through the lens of sustainability and circularity: Integrating environmental, economic, and social dimensions Arias, A., Moreira, M., Feijoo, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Integrating Biodiversity Impacts into Life Cycle Assessment: Applied to a case study of onshore wind power production Demyanenko, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
A global review of Procellariiform flight height, flight speed and nocturnal activity: Implications for offshore wind farm collision risk Miller, M., Petrovic, S., Clarke, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Economic Viability and Environmental Assessment of Marine Renewable Energy Technologies: A Comparative Framework for Tidal Stream Energy and Offshore Wind Power in the United States Bajaj, A. Journal Article Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Passerines, Fish, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Navigation, Social & Economic Data
Life-cycle impact assessment of offshore wind energy development on migrating bird diversity in the North Sea Critchley, E., Nilsson, A., Helberg, M Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Seabirds in 3D: A Framework to Evaluate Collision Vulnerability with Future Offshore Wind Developments [Final Report] Wallach, E., Chamberlin, C., Jacobson, A. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Partial Niche Partitioning in Three Sympatric Gull Species Through Foraging Areas and Habitat Selection O'Hanlon, N., Clewley, G., Johnston, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Extreme drought increased home range sizes and space use of Aquila chrysaetos (Golden Eagles) in coastal southern California Thomsen, S., Bloom, P., Madden, M. Journal Article Birds, Raptors
Supporting offshore wind growth: Automating data analysis in digital aerial surveys to enhance wildlife protection and survey efficiency Bartlett, B., Santos, M., Trslic, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Expected occurrence of wildlife in US Atlantic offshore wind areas Brill, D., Cleary, J., Roberts, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
ORJIP InTAS project: Report on the distribution and habitat preferences of Razorbill on the east coast of Scotland Matthiopoulos, J., Blackwell, P., Thaxter, C. Report Birds, Seabirds
Integration of tracking and at-sea survey data: WP1. Data collation and review The Carbon Trust Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
ORJIP InTAS project: Report on the distribution and habitat preferences of northern Gannets on the east coast of Scotland Matthiopoulos, J., Blackwell, P., Thaxter, C. Report Birds, Seabirds
Shutdown on Demand for the mitigation of bird collision risk at onshore wind farms in South Africa Smallie, J., Froneman, A., Smith, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
ORJIP InTAS project: Report on the distribution and habitat preferences of Kittiwakes on the east coast of Scotland Matthiopoulos, J., Blackwell, P., Thaxter, C. Report Birds, Seabirds
Integration of tracking and at-sea survey data: WP2. Analysis framework The Carbon Trust Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Towards Nature Positive for the Ocean: Pathways for Corporate Contributions Carrow, A., Lynch, L., Kroner, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
ORJIP InTAS project: Report on the distribution and habitat preferences of Guillemots on the east coast of Scotland Matthiopoulos, J., Blackwell, P., Thaxter, C. Report Birds, Seabirds
Northward migrations of nonbreeding Bald Eagles from Arizona, USA Cappello, C., Jacobson, K., Driscoll, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Proceedings of the 15th Wind Wildlife Research Meeting Gottlieb, I. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Quantification of mortality rates associated with displacement (QuMR) Appendix B Searle, K., Daunt, F., Pollock, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Effects and management implications of emerging marine renewable energy technologies Copping, A., Wood, D., Rumes, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC, Salinity Gradient Chemicals, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Quantification of mortality rates associated with displacement (QuMR) Final Report Searle, K., Daunt, F., Pollock, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Displaying 41 - 80 of 2731 results