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Marine energy projects have the potential to create significant benefits by stimulating economic growth, generating revenue, creating jobs, improving local infrastructure and services, and providing energy security and resilience. However, if projects are not carefully planned and do not include communities in the development process, there could be adverse effects or changes that do not align with local cultures and community values or that provide inequitable distribution of costs and benefits. Collecting social and economic data is necessary to anticipate these effects, and to develop and appropriately site marine energy projects that suitably address community needs, incorporate and address community values, and satisfy consenting requirements. Despite the importance of this information, consistent methodology for social and economic data collection to inform marine energy development is lacking. There is little documentation from past projects, and if documentation exists, it is not often clear how the social and economic data have been collected or analyzed. This toolkit aims to close some of these gaps by facilitating easy access to information on social and economic data, how to collect it (baseline and impacts), with examples; provide social science background for traditionally more technical audiences; and guide data collection efforts with a template.
This toolkit was initiated out of two workshops held at the European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (Cork, Ireland, 2017) and Environmental Interactions of Marine Renewables (EIMR, Kirkwall, UK, 2018) by Offshore Renewables Joint Industry Programme (ORJIP) and Ocean Energy Systems-Environmental. Additional work on these topics is discussed in the 2020 State of the Science Report chapter on Social and Economic Data Collection and the 2024 State of the Science Report chapter on Social and Economic Effects of Marine Energy, and has also been supported through ongoing work with the United States Department of Energy's (U.S. DOE) Water Power Technologies Office under the Deployment Readiness Framework since 2022.
Template for Data Collection
The template for data collection builds on the Good Management Practices for the collection of social and economic data for marine energy developed by OES-Environmental and the findings of the OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report chapter on Social and Economic Data Collection and the 2024 State of the Science Report chapter on Social and Economic Effects of Marine Energy. The intended audiences for these templates include marine energy developers and their consultants that need to conduct a socioeconomic assessment as part of their regulatory requirements; strategic planners at the government level that are interested in programmatic socioeconomic assessments (e.g., U.S. DOE); and researchers interested in assessing socioeconomic cumulative effects of marine energy.
The template organizes the social or economic data that can be collected for baseline and impact assessments by key metrics, provides resources and methods for how to collect that data and the typical units that are used in reporting that data. The last two columns are left blank for a user to fill in notes or data collected on the metrics selected.
Click here to download the fillable template.
Tool
The table below provides a list of metrics identified as common in the literature for social and economic data collection for marine energy and other relevant development projects. It is sortable by category and searchable by text to connect metrics with approaches for quantification. Full references for the definitions provided for each metric are available in the Definitions document.
View the Instructions document for detailed information on using the tool.
| Category | Metrics | Synonyms or related metrics | Methods | Examples from marine energy | Examples from other relevant industries | Tools |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social | acceptance
the positive or neutral reaction of citizens when a project is proposed in their local area |
social license | choice experiment, contingent valuation, eye-tracking technology, indicator system, interviews, multi-criteria decision making matrix, participatory methodologies, perception studies, pestel analysis, principle component analysis, shared socioeconomic pathway narratives, social media analysis, survey | Posterari and Waseda 2022, Jenkins et al. 2018, DeSanti 2020 | Zaunbrecker et al. 2016, Bidwell 2023, Dion 2019, Devine-Wright and Wiersma 2020, Kim et al. 2019, Westerberg et al. 2015, Walker et al. 2014, Rand and Hoen 2017, Rodriguez-Segura et al. 2023, Agyekum et al. 2021, Booth et al. 2022, Petrova et al. 2016 | |
| Social | accessibility
the degree to which a process, product, device, service, environment, or facility is usable by as many people as possible |
interviews, social life cycle assessment, structural equation modeling, survey | Singh et al. 2020, De Santo 2011 | Alwah et al. 2021 | UrbanAccess | |
| Social | adaptation
adjustment to changes in environmental or social conditions, particularly in the context of renewable energy |
resilience capacity |
framework, loop analysis, scenario planning, survey | Garcia et al. 2018 | Bennett et al. 2016, Firmansyah and Dharmawan | Climate Adaptation Knowledge Exchange |
| Social, Economic | aesthetics
visual or other beauty-related aspects of a landscape or seascape |
environmental impact assessment, focus group, GIS, interviews, participatory value mapping, principal component analysis, seascape landscape visual methodology, spatial modeling, survey, vespa framework | Lee et al. 2025, European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) 2021, Lonsdale et al. 2020 | Sullivan et al. 2013, White et al. 2020, BOEM 2021 | ||
| Economic | affordability
the state of being cheap enough for people to be able to buy |
interviews, survey, techno-economic analysis | Kazimierczuk et al. 2023 | Dubois and Meier 2016, Deller 2018 | (Un-named) TEA for Tidal Energy, State and Local Planning for Energy (SLOPE) Platform | |
| Social, Economic | barriers / enablers
the aspects of a project, process, or community that either facilitate or prevent success |
GIS, interviews, workshop | Apolonia et al. 2021, Posterari and Waseda 2022 | Brummer 2018, Lucas et al. 2017, Petrova et al. 2016, Farkat Diogenes et al. 2020 | (Un-named) PESTEL/SWOT framework | |
| Social | behaviors
human responses to change or patterns of resource use |
hypothetical experiment, interviews, questionnaire | DeSanti 2020, Dreyer et al. 2017 | Klein and Coffey 2016, Gkargkavouzi et al. 2020 | ||
| Economic | capacity
a non-static aspect describing the human, technical, economic, or social resources available in a community to participate |
adaptation resilience |
case study, comprehensive vulnerability framework, economic analysis, focus group, fuzzy logic model, geospatial analysis, industry research, interviews, observations, participatory methodologies, scenarios, social capital analysis, structural equation modeling, survey | Marine Energy Wales 2020 | Tull et al. 2016 | AEDG Community Metric Explorer |
| Economic | capital expenditure (CAPEX)
an investment of money to acquire or upgrade fixed assets, typically a one-time cost that enables future growth |
case study, economic analysis, GIS-te software tool, input-output model, scenarios | Draycott et al. 2018, Marine Energy Wales 2019, Marine Energy Wales 2020, Têtu and Chozas 2021 | Wall Street Prep Capex Guide | ||
| Social | climate concerns
perspectives of individuals / community on the severity of impacts due to anthropogenic climate change or contributions to further environmental degradation |
case study, economic framework, interviews, survey, workshop | Dreyer et al. 2017, Trueworthy and DuPont 2021 | Brummer 2018, Hagen and Pijawka 2015 | National Aggregates of Geospatial Data Collection (NAGDC) | |
| Social, Economic | community benefits
positive impacts to a broad societal group generated by a project |
compensation | case study, economic model, focus group, hypothetical experiment, interviews, social impact assessment | Soukissian et al. 2023 | Thomas et al. 2022 | |
| Social | community structure
the relationships among the people, groups, institutions, stakeholders, and management of a community |
demographics | census data, ethnographic fieldwork (participant observations), focus group, interviews, media content analysis, photovoice, Q study, social amplification of risk framework, social capital analysis, social impact assessment, theory of social structures, workshop | Tidbury et al. 2020 | Equimar 2012, Gjorgievski et al. 2021, International Hydropower Association 2021 | Energy Transitions Playbook |
| Economic | compensation
payment or remuneration for work or services performed or for harm suffered |
community benefits | equator principles, framework, life cycle assessment, risk assessment, social ecological model, survey | Reilly et al. 2016 | van Wijk et al. 2021, Kerr et al. 2017 | |
| Social, Economic | conflict
any disagreement or difference of opinions between individuals or groups involved or impacted in the planning of a project |
case study, fuzzy multi-criteria analysis, GIS, interviews, interviews, microgrid modeling, power system modeling, spatial modeling, survey, techno-economic analysis | Freeman et al. 2016, Alexander 2012 | Omenge et al. 2020, Akita et al. 2020 | (Un-named) Spatial decision support tools | |
| Economic | cost
any aspect related to the payment required for items or services associated with a project |
affordability levelized cost of energy (LCOE) capital expenditure (CAPEX) payback period |
arcwind, cost breakdown structure, cost-benefit analysis, economic analysis, economic dispatch model, economic feasibility analysis, jedi model, multi-criteria decision making matrix, scenarios, simulations, static computable general equilibrium model, survey, techno-economic analysis | Hernández-Fontes et al. 2020 | Robertson et al. 2020 | DTOcean, REopt |
| Social, Economic | cultural values
the core principles and ideals on which a community exists and relies upon. These can be linked to the physical landscape, social identity and beliefs, or knowledge and customs/history |
place attachment vision |
case study, contingent valuation, ethnographic fieldwork, focus group, hedonic valuation models, interviews, participatory methodologies, Q study, social capital analysis, social media analysis, spatial analysis, stakeholder analysis, survey, theory of social structures, value mapping, vespa framework | Chakraborty et al. 2020, Potts et al. 2016, Kazimierczuk et al. 2023 | Loring and Hinzmann 2018, Beaty et al. 2024, Novaczek et al. 2011 | (Un-named) Spatial decision support tools |
| Social | demographics
the social characteristics and statistics of a community, including: age, race, ethnicity, gender, education, employment, etc. |
community structure education employment gender |
analysis, census data, focus group, household survey, interviews, observations, policy and program analysis, workshop | Devine-Wright 2011, Marine Scotland Science 2015 | Karytsas and Theodoropoulou 2014 | Alaska CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index, Community Subsistence Information System, My Tribal Area, National Aggregates of Geospatial Data Collection: Population, Landscape, And Climate Estimates (PLACE), US Census Data Bureau 2020 Population and Housing State Data |
| Social | displacement
a situation in which people or traditional owners/users are forced to leave or feel excluded from a space where they have historically lived, visited, or operated within |
case study, computable general equilibrium model, survey | Campbell 2015, Xodus Group 2022 | Cohen and Pettit 2019, Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre 2018, Kafas et al. 2018 | Displacement Risk Indicators, DISPLACE Spatial Model | |
| Economic | economic feasibility
the degree to which the economic advantages of something to be made, done, or achieved are greater than the economic costs |
analytical hierarchy process method, dynamic computable equilibrium model, economic feasibility/viability analysis, focus group, fully modified ordinary least square (fmols) regression model, industry research, input-output model, interviews, jedi model, life cycle assessment, natural capital evaluation framework, portfolio model, Q methodology, qualititative descriptive analysis, short-run granger causality tests, survey, techno-economic analysis | EU Arcwind project, Filguiera-Vizoso et al. 2022, Pires et al. 2022, Castro-Santos and Filguiera-Vizoso 2019 | (Un-named) TEA for Tidal Energy, DTOcean, HOMER Pro, REopt, RETScreen | ||
| Economic | ecosystem services
the direct and indirect contributions of natural systems to human systems, including cultural, provisioning, regulating, and supporting services |
case study, driver-activity-pressure-state-impact-response framework, ecosystem service assessments, GIS, interviews, natural capital evaluation framework, observations, participatory mapping, participatory methodologies, scenarios, survey, value mapping, vespa framework, workshop | Buenau et al. 2025, Singh et al. 2020, Leslie and Palmer 2015 | Trifonova et al. 2022, Reyers et al. 2013, Brown et al. 2014 | NOAA's Critical Habitat Mapper, InVEST, InVEST Wave Energy Model component, Marine Mapping Tool | |
| Social | education
the level of formal schooling received by individuals in the community and the distribution of knowledge |
census data, expert elicitation, indicator system, interviews, map tool, polls, Q methodology, survey, workshop | Smith 1995 | USDA Economic Research Service | ||
| Social, Economic | emissions
the term used to describe the gases and particles which are put into the air by various anthropogenic sources, typically focusing on carbon dioxide |
dynamic computable equilibrium model, input-output model, life cycle assessment, model, short-run granger causality tests, swot analysis | Ewing-Thiel and Manarolla 2014 | AirToxScreen, SCATTER, SLOPE Estimated Emissions | ||
| Economic | employment
available jobs and work opportunities created by a project |
income | census data data, economic impact analysis, economic model, indicator system, input-output model, interviews, microsimulation, Q methodology, social life cycle assessment, surveys, value chain analysis | Marine Energy Wales 2019, Marine Energy Wales 2020, Quirapas and Taeihagh 2020, Marine Energy Wales 2021, Soukissian et al. 2023 | US Bureau of Labor 2023 | Community Subsistence Information System, My Tribal Area, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Program, USDA Economic Research Service |
| Economic | energy demand or consumption
the amount of energy required or used over a specified time period |
trend analysis, scenario modeling, load profile assessment, economic and demographic projections, meter data, historical load analysis | Kazimierczuk et al. 2023 | U.S. Energy Information API, State and Local Planning for Energy (SLOPE) | ||
| Economic | energy security
the uninterrupted availability of energy at an affordable price |
affordability resilience |
cost-benefit analysis, socioeconomic analysis, workshop | Manasseh et al. 2017 | Sovacool and Mukherjee 2011, Ralph and Hancock 2019 | Assessment of Capabilities in Energy Security (ACES) Tool |
| Economic | exports
resources, goods, and services that are produced domestically but sold abroad |
case study, survey, workshop, computer general equilibrium model, interviews, comprehensive index | Smart and Noonan 2018, Chandler 2024 | Carneiro et al. 2016, Ralph and Hancock 2019 | ||
| Social, Economic | fisheries
commercial, subsistence / cultural, or recreational harvest of fish, shellfish, or other species from the sea |
ecological-economic agent-based model, environmental impact assessment, existing data from fisheries management, fishing effort data analysis, interviews, participatory methodologies, Q methodology, spatial analysis, static computable general equilibrium model, survey, workshop | Willis-Norton et al. 2024, Campbell 2015 | Withouck et al. 2023, Qu et al. 2023, de Figueiredo Xavier et al. 2022, Munroe et al. 2022, Perry and Heyman 2020, Kleiber et al. 2018 | Fishery Performance Indicators Tool, Global Fishing Watch, NOAA Community Social Vulnerability Indicators (US Gulf Coast) | |
| Economic | funding
money given by a government, organization, or other entity for an event or activity |
case study, model, survey, techno-economic analysis, bibliometric analysis, social network study | Marine Renewables Industry Association (MRIA) 2016, MacDougall 2016 | Aleixandre-Tudo et al. 2019, Lam and Law 2018 | EERE Exchange, EU Funding and Tenders Portal | |
| Social | gender
characteristics or behavioral aspects of women, men, or other gender identities that are socially constructed, including norms, behaviors, and roles, as well as relationships and dynamics within a community |
bibliometric and cluster analysis, industry surveys | Meyer et al. 2025 | Pearl-Martinez and Stephens 2016, Bagdi et al. 2023, Johnson et al. 2020, IRENA 2019 | GenderWave, WHO Gender Assessment Tool | |
| Economic | grid
aspects related to the existing electrical distribution system in a community and interconnection with broader regional systems |
database, economic dispatch model, GIS Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, survey | Vrana et al. 2021 | Cohen et al. 2022, Mendoza-Vizcaino et al. 2019, Amaro et al. 2022 | REopt | |
| Economic | gross value added (GVA)
the amount generated by any unit engaged in the production of goods and services, used to measure the contribution made by an industry or sector and is calculated by the output minus consumption |
case study, computable general equilibrium model, economic dispatch model, input-output model, scenarios, stochastic modeling, value chain analysis, workshop | Marine Scotland Science 2015, University of Edinburgh 2021, Soukissian et al. 2023, Noble et al. 2025, Bianchi and Fernandez 2024 | Schallenber-Rodriguez and Inchausti-Sintes 2021 | ||
| Social | health
the physical and mental wellness of individuals in a community |
well-being | census data, indicator system, interviews, media content analysis, self-assessment, social amplification of risk framework, survey | Soukissian et al. 2023 | Knopper and Ollson 2011 | AirToxScreen |
| Economic | income
The payment people or organizations receive for providing labor, resources, or services |
census data, comprehensive vulnerability framework, interviews, survey | Soukissian et al. 2023 | Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Program, USDA Economic Research Service, https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/income.html>US census data Bureau 2023 Income in the US</a> | ||
| Economic | levelized cost of energy (LCOE)
summary metric that combines the primary technology cost and performance parameters: capital expenditures, operations expenditures, and capacity factor |
cost affordability |
case study, cost analysis, cost-benefit analysis, economic viability/feasibility analysis, fuzzy multi-criteria analysis, GIS, microgrid modeling, power system modeling, remote community optimization model, scenarios, simulation, techno-economic analysis | Têtu and Chozas 2021 | Filguiera-Vizoso et al. 2022 | DTOcean, State and Local Planning for Energy (SLOPE) Platform, NREL System Advisor Model (SAM) |
| Economic | livelihood
a means of making a living that encompasses individual or group capabilities, assets, income and activities required to secure the necessities of life |
well-being | case study, econometric models, household survey, interviews, spatial-dpsir, survey | Alexander et al. 2013 | Andrews et al. 2021 | |
| Social |
aspects related to the movement of vessels in the ocean, navigable waterways, or around a marine energy project |
big data, case study, environmental impact assessment, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory, GIS, navigation risk assessments, spatial model, survey, workshop | Lee et al. 2025, Anatec 2010, McPherson 2015 | Rawson et al. 2022, Mehdi et al. 2018 | Kpler Marine Traffic, Dynamic Risk Assessment Method, U.S. Coast Guard AIS Vessel Traffic | |
| Economic | net present value (NPV)
a formula used to determine the current value of an investment, project, or business in the future incorporating discounting |
cost-benefit analysis, economic analysis, economic feasibility analysis, swot analysis, techno-economic analysis | Kim et al. 2012 | Filguiera-Vizoso et al. 2022, Castro-Santos and Filguiera-Vizoso 2019 | Economics of Energy Efficiency Calculator, NPV Calculator | |
| Social | participation
involvement of individuals or groups in any aspect of a project |
analysis of public dialogue, case study, focus group, interviews, modular participatory processes, observations, semi-systematic narrative meta-synthesis, social life cycle assessment, survey, vespa framework, workshop | Yates 2018, Reilly et al. 2016 | Park et al. 2022, Klain et al. 2015, IRENA 2021 | ||
| Economic | payback period
the number of years required to recover the original cash investment |
cost affordability |
cost-benefit analysis, economic feasibility analysis, techno-economic analysis | Singhapurage 2024, Walker and Howell 2011 | Filguiera-Vizoso et al. 2022 | Omni Calculator |
| Social | perceptions
a belief or opinion, held by individuals or groups about how things seem |
case study, census data, cluster analysis, expert elicitation, fisheries management toolbox, focus group, integrated model of behavioral prediction, interviews, participant observations, participatory methodologies, pestel analysis, procedural analysis, public meeting, scenario planning, stakeholder analysis, survey | Scottish Government 2022, Petrova et al. 2016, Glasson et al. 2022 | (Un-named) Interdisciplinary framework | ||
| Social | place attachment
the emotional bond between person and place |
cultural values | interviews, participatory methodologies, perception studies, survey | Devine-Wright 2011, Jenkins et al. 2018, DeSanti 2020 | Thomas et al. 2022 | |
| Social, Economic | policies and governance
formal or informal structures of leadership and the ideas or plans used for decision-making in development of projects |
case study, expert elicitation, interviews, msp, policy analysis, review of legislation, strategic environmental assessment, survey, workshop | Guerra 2018, Wright et al. 2018, O'Hagan and Lewis 2011 | Lynn et al. 2000, Fischer and Miller 2017, Patton and Sawicki 2013 | Marine Energy Toolkit, Renewable Energy Permitting Wizard | |
| Social, Economic | resilience
the capacity to tolerate, absorb, cope with, and adjust to changing social, economic or environmental conditions while retaining key elements of structure, function, and identity |
adaptation capacity |
case study, focus group, GIS, interviews, participant observation, participatory methodologies, scenarios, social vulnerability mapping, survey | Quirapas and Taeihagh 2020, Kazimierczuk et al. 2023 | Silver et al. 2019, Sterling et al. 2017 | FEMA Resiliency Analysis and Planning Tool, State Energy Resilience, Technical Resilience Navigator |
| Social | risk
a measure of the extent to which someone or a community is threatened by a potential circumstance or event, and includes i) the severity of adverse impacts if the event occurs, and ii) the likelihood of occurrence |
case study, PESTEL analysis, risk analysis, cost-benefit analysis, focus group, interviews, survey | Kazimierczuk et al. 2023, Cordoves-Sánchez and Vallejos-Romero 2019, Dubbs et al. 2013 | Van Hoof et al. 2020 | Ready.gov Risk Assessment Tool | |
| Social | safety
being protected from harm or danger or the precautions taken to avoid harm to individuals or a community |
big data, GIS, indicator system, interviews, social impact assessment | Maritime Maritime and Coastguard Agency 2004, Ocean Renewable Power Company 2018 | Shiau and Chuen-Yu 2016 | ||
| Social |
refers to the perceptions of local stakeholders that a project, a company, or an industry that operates in a given area or region is socially acceptable or legitimate |
acceptance | case study, discrete choice survey, focus group, interviews, participatory methodologies, social impact assessment, stakeholder analysis, survey | Hunter et al. 2024 | Bossi et al. 2024 | |
| Social | spatial aspects
This term contains aspects of marine spatial planning, co-users of ocean space, topography, distribution of resources and people across a landscape, and all other spatially represented information. Note that this term is not a metric itself, but rather a categorization of types various types of data. |
case study, ecospace model, GIS, marine spatial plan, participatory mapping, participatory methodologies, spatially continuous resource economic analysis model, visual impact assessment quantitative indicators, workshop | Marine Scotland Science 2015, Soukissian et al. 2023 | (Un-named) GIS multi-criteria decision analysis, (Un-named) Interdisciplinary framework, (Un-named) Spatial decision support tools, Critical Habitat Mapper, InVEST Wave Energy Model component, Marine Cadastre National Viewer, Marine Energy Atlas, Marine Energy Toolkit, National Aggregates of Geospatial Data Collection (NAGDC), Renewable EnerGIS, Renewable Energy Data Explorer, Selkie MRE Technoeconomic GIS, SMILE Spatial Microsimulation, Tribal Energy Atlas, WavEC Oasis, Critical Habitat Mapper | ||
| Economic | supply chain
sequence of processes involved in the production and distribution of a commodity |
case study, deployment scenarios, survey, value chain analysis | University of Edinburgh 2021, Marine Energy Wales 2021 | Magagna et al. 2017 | ||
| Economic | tourism impacts
a broad concept encapsulating the direct, indirect, and induced effects of projects on existing tourism or recreational opportunities |
combined travel cost-contingent survey, crowd-sourced photographs, environmental impact assessment, focus group, GIS, interviews, media content analysis, mixed logit model, participant observations, participatory methodologies, preference surveys, principle component analysis, recreation model, regression model, semi-systematic narrative meta-synthesis, short-run granger causality tests, stakeholder analysis, stated preference study, survey, tourism and recreation impact assessment, vacation rental data, value mapping, workshop | Marine Energy Wales 2020, Voke et al. 2013 | Machado and de Andres 2023, Sessions et al. 2016, Unhasuta et al. 2021, Kalvet et al. 2020, Canteiro et al. 2018 | ||
| Social | trust
the degree to which a community or individuals perceive governance structures, authorities, organizations or processes to be fair, reliable, and in their best interests |
case study, interviews, observations, Q methodology, social capital analysis, survey | Simas et al. 2012 | Firestone et al. 2020 | ||
| Social | vision
comprises the community values, wishes, fears and desires for the future. |
cultural values | guide, Q study, workbook, interviews | Loring and Hinzmann 2018, Haffner and Vriesendorp 2016 | ||
| Social, Economic | vulnerability
the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets, or system to the impacts of hazards due to the conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes |
ai chatbot, case study, composite index of key pressures, comprehensive vulnerability framework, computable general equilibrium model, focus group, GIS, indicator-based vulnerability assessment framework, interviews, loop analysis, observations, participatory methodologies, Q methodology, scenarios, semi-structured interviews, social capital analysis, spatial-dpsir, stakeholder analysis, survey, vulnerability index | Heleno et al. 2022, Tull et al. 2016 | CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index, FEMA Resiliency Analysis and Planning Tool, State and Local Planning for Energy (SLOPE) Platform | ||
| Social, Economic | well-being
Social: an end state in which basic human needs safety, health, happiness) are met and people are able to coexist peacefully in communities with opportunities for advancement. Economic: having ones most basic survival needs met and sustainable income and assets so to prosper |
livelihood health |
analysis, case study, community wellbeing framework, decision support tool: community vibrancy dashboard, focus group, indicator development, interviews, media content analysis, participant observations, participatory methodologies, Q methodology, survey, workshop | Jenkins and Beaver 2025, Soukissian et al. 2023 | Hattam et al. 2015, Thomas et al. 2022, Szymkowiak et al. 2021, Gollan and Barclay 2020 |
Additional sources of information on the toolkit and process of development are available below.
- Freeman, M.; Rose, D.; Kaplan, M. (2024). Assessing Social and Economic Effects of Marine Energy: Tools and Recommendations. Paper presented at the Pan-American Marine Energy Conference (PAMEC 2024), Barranquilla, Colombia. https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/assessing-social-economic-effects-marine-energy-tools-recommendations
- Rose, D.; Freeman, M.; Kaplan, M. (2023). Informing development of a socioeconomic data collection toolkit for marine energy: a literature review. Paper presented at 15th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC 2023), Bilbao, Spain. DOI: 10.36688/ewtec-2023-397. https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/informing-development-socioeconomic-data-collection-toolkit-marine-energy-literature
- Freeman, M.; Rose, D. (2024). OES-Environmental 2024 State of the Science Report - Chapter 4: Social and Economic Effects of Marine Renewable Energy. https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/2024-state-science-report-chapter-4-social-economic-effects-marine-renewable-energy
If there are any updates you'd like to suggest or remaining questions, please reach out to deborah.rose@pnnl.gov or tethys@pnnl.gov.