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Birds

Birds - Seagull
A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2891

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Counting Seabirds at Sea from Ships: A Review of Methods Employed and a Suggestion for a Standardized Approach Tasker, M., Jones, P., Dixon, T. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
Utilization by Migrant and Resident Birds of the San Gorgonio Pass, Coachella Valley, and Southern Mojave Desert of California, 1979-80 McKernan, R., Wagner, W., Landry, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Environmental Aspects of Large-Scale Wind-Power Systems in the UK Robson, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Birds, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Nocturnal Avian Migration Assessment of the San Gorgonio Wind Resource Study Area, Spring 1982 McCrary, M., McKernan, R., Landry, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Bird Movements and Collision Mortality at a Large Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Byrne, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Waterfowl, Raptors, Passerines, Birds
The possible impact of wind power generators on flying birds Mead, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Raptor Baseline Studies in Energy Development Kennedy, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
A Workshop on Raptors and Energy Development Howard, R., Gore, J. Workshop Article Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Environmental Effects of Small Wind Energy Conversion Systems (SWECS) Lawrence, K., Strojan, C. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds
The Flight Behaviour of Individual Passerine Nocturnal Migrants: A Tracking Radar Study Able, K. Journal Article Passerines, Birds
Echo-Location Failure in Migratory Bats Gelder, R. Journal Article Bats, Birds

Displaying 2881 - 2891 of 2891 results