Raptors

Birds of prey that hunt and feed on large vertebrates compared to their size.

Raptors include species of birds that primarily hunt and feed on large vertebrates compared to their size, have keen eyesight for detecting prey from far distances, strong feet with talons for grasping or killing prey, and powerful, curved beaks for tearing flesh. Many species of raptors are considered apex predators.

Raptors are at high risk for collision with wind turbine blades because they have wind-specific flight behaviors and typically soar during high winds, bringing them to the same elevation as wind turbine blades. Raptor populations are at the greatest risk of all birds from human activities because they tend to mature late, be long-lived, and lay few eggs.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. Total results associated with Raptors: 392

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Bird Survival in Wind Farms by Monte-Carlo Simulation Modelling Based on Wide-Ranging Flight Tracking Data of Multiple Birds During Different Seasons Yordanov, N., Nabielek, H., Bedev, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Extreme drought increased home range sizes and space use of Aquila chrysaetos (Golden Eagles) in coastal southern California Thomsen, S., Bloom, P., Madden, M. Journal Article Birds, Raptors
Northward migrations of nonbreeding Bald Eagles from Arizona, USA Cappello, C., Jacobson, K., Driscoll, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Exploring development of spatially stratified wind turbine collision risk prior distributions for eagles: An application of adaptive management Howell, P., New, L., Bjerre, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Vulnerability and behavioural avoidance of Golden Eagles near wind farms during the breeding season Maynard, L., Lemaître, J., Therrien, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Used to Assess Performance of Automated Detection and Audio Deterrent System for Reducing Wind-Turbine Collison Risk for Golden Eagles Smith, J., Schneider, S., Zirpoli, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
RISK4DRAPTORS: prédire les risques de collision des grands oiseaux avec les infrastructures aériennes Hemery, A., Duriez, O., Henry, P. Report Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Summary of Bird Monitoring Reports from Operational Wind Energy Facilities in South Africa BirdLife South Africa Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
Estimated golden eagle mortality from wind turbines in the western United States Gedir, J., Gould, M., Millsap, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Cumulative collision risk and population-level consequences of industrial wind-power plant development for two vulture species: A quantitative warning Bounas, A., Vasilakis, D., Kret, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Risk4DRaptors: Prédire les risques de collision des grands oiseaux avec les infrastructures aériennes Hemery, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Raptors
Effects of wind turbine dimensions on the collision risk of raptors: A simulation approach based on flight height distributions Schaub, T., Klaassen, R., Zutter, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Reconciling wind energy development with bird conservation: A comparative study of flight behaviour in raptors to understand and mitigate wind turbine collision risk Schaub, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Estimating collision risk for whitetailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in onshore wind power environments: Application of spatial modelling frameworks and predictive mapping Halgunset, G. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Raptors and Land-Based Wind Energy in the United States ECO Wind, Dempsey, L., Watson, K. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Multi Sensor Wildlife Detection System (MUSE) Skov, H., Karlsson, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds
Efficacy of non‐lead ammunition distribution programs to offset fatalities of golden eagles in southeast Wyoming Slabe, V., Crandall, R., Katzner, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Fortsetzungsstudie Probabilistik - Das Raumnutzungs-Kollisionsrisikomodell (RKR-Modell) Mercker, M., Raab, R., Liesenjohann, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Wirksamkeit des AVES WIND ONSHORE Antikollisionssystems zum Schutz des Rotmilans (Milvus milvus) AVES WIND ONSHORE Antikollisionssystem zum Schutz des Rotmilans (Milvus milvus) Artenschutzfachliche Bewertung Gross, M., Stieg, J., Hinsch, H. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Reduced survival in a soaring bird breeding in wind turbine proximity along the northern Baltic Sea coast Nebel, C., Stjernberg, T., Tikkanen, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Detection and Deterrent System in Reducing Golden Eagle Fatalities at Operational Wind Facilities Felton, S., Perkins, L., Smith, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Winds of Progress: An In-Depth Exploration of Offshore, Floating, and Onshore Wind Turbines as Cornerstones for Sustainable Energy Generation and Environmental Stewardship Afridi, S. K., Koondhar, M. A., Jamali, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting Bats, Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Assessing exposure to wind turbines of a migratory raptor through its annual life cycle across continents Assandri, G., Bazzi, G., Bermejo-Bermejo, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Raptors
Lack of evasive behaviour by a Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus on impact with a turbine blade at a South African wind farm: causes and mitigations; Absence de comportement évasif d’un Aigle martial Polemaetus bellicosus lors de l’impact avec une pale Simmons, R., Martins, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Short Science Summary: Raptor Monitoring and Minimization Technologies WREN, Dempsey, L., Hein, C. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Wind Farms and Power Lines Reduced the Territory Status and Probability of Fledgling Production in the Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Husby, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors
Predicting the spatial distribution of wintering golden eagles to inform full annual cycle conservation in western North America Wallace, Z., Bedrosian, B., Dunk, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Approach Distances of Scottish Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines According to Blade Motion Status, Wind Speed, and Preferred Habitat Fielding, A., Anderson, D., Benn, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
The Impact of Wind Turbines on the Distribution of Wintering and Migrating Raptors Mitchell, K. Thesis Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Long-term impacts of the Smøla wind farm on a local population of white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) Stokke, B., Dahl, E., Kleven, O. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Winter Distribution of Golden Eagles in the Eastern USA Miller, T., Lanzone, M., Braham, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Wind farms and Griffon Vultures: Evidence that under certain conditions history is not-always turbulent Farfan, M., Díaz-Ruiz, F., Duarte, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Incidental eagle carcass detection can contribute to fatality estimation at operating wind energy facilities Hallingstad, E., Riser-Espinoza, D., Brown, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions
Griffon Vulture movements are concentrated around roost and supplementary feeding stations: implications for wind energy development on Mediterranean islands Cerri, J., Fozzi, I., De Rosa, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Detection of wind turbines rotary motion by birds: A matter of speed and contrast Blary, C., Bonadonna, F., Dussauze, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Mitigating the Negative Impact of Wind Power on Soaring Birds through Government Restrictions Liang, X., Yang, C., Zhang, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Reanalysis indicates little evidence of reduction in eagle mortality rate by automated curtailment of wind turbines Huso, M., Dalthorp, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Assessing carcass relocation for offsetting golden eagle mortality at wind energy facilities Lonsdorf, E., Gerber, J., Ray, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
The Tradeoff Between Wildlife Conservation and Renewable Energy: Evidence from Golden Eagles and Wind Turbines O'Brien, B., Hagerty, N. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Carcasses of Eagles Killed by Wind Turbines Huso, M., Dalthorp, D., Mintz, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
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