Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2812

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
A risk-based approach to cumulative effects assessment for large marine ecosystems to support transboundary marine spatial planning: A case study of the yellow sea Ma, C., Stelzenmüller, V., Rehren, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Mitigating the Negative Impact of Wind Power on Soaring Birds through Government Restrictions Liang, X., Yang, C., Zhang, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Post-construction Bird and Bat Fatality Monitoring for Onshore Wind Energy Facilities in Emerging Market Countries: Good Practice Handbook and Decision Support Tool International Finance Corporation Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
Automated detection of wildlife in proximity to marine renewable energy infrastructure using machine learning of underwater imagery Love, M., Vellappally, A., Roy, P. Conference Paper Marine Energy Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Choose Your Own Marine Energy Adventure Game: Collision Risk Hemery, L., DeGuia, B., Pratt, M. Conference Paper Marine Energy Collision Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals
Towards understanding environmental and cumulative impacts of floating wind farms: Lessons learned from the fixed-bottom offshore wind farms Rezaei, F., Contestabile, P, Vicinanza, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates
Reanalysis indicates little evidence of reduction in eagle mortality rate by automated curtailment of wind turbines Huso, M., Dalthorp, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Ornithological and Marine Mammal Baseline Characterisation Surveys for the POSEIDON project: April-June (Seasonal) Report – South-West Celtic Sea Young, S., Steinmetz, K. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Vision paper: Decommissioning offshore windparks in the Belgian part of the North Sea Van Maele, T., Desplenter, N., Van Aken, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Using behavioural and energetic insights to assess the impacts of displacement from offshore wind farms on red-throated divers (Gavia stellata) Duckworth, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Assessing carcass relocation for offsetting golden eagle mortality at wind energy facilities Lonsdorf, E., Gerber, J., Ray, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
How effective are existing solutions to mitigate impacts of onshore wind farms on flying vertebrates and invertebrates? A Rapid Review Langridge, J., Dupuis, L., Hette-Tronquart, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds, Invertebrates
Competing for space? A multi-criteria scenario framework intended to model the energy–biodiversity–land nexus for regional renewable energy planning based on a German case study Weber, J., Steinkamp, T., Reichenbach, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Responses of GPS-Tagged Territorial Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines in Scotland Fielding, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Variation in flight characteristics associated with entry by eagles into rotor‐swept zones of wind turbines Rolek, B., Braham, M., Miller, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Forecasting suitable areas for wind turbine occurrence to proactively improve wildlife conservation Boggie, M., Butler, M., Sesnie, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Integrating Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring into Offshore Wind Energy Development Infrastructure and Operations Courbis, S., Etter, H., Pacini, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Entanglement Birds, Marine Mammals
Maritime Spatial Planning in Europe: Discussion Paper on the Challenges and Potential Opportunities Around the Colocation of Offshore Wind Energy with Marine Protected Areas Stephenson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Ornithological and Marine Mammal Baseline Characterisation Surveys for the POSEIDON project: January – March (Seasonal) Report – Central North Sea Young, S., Pereira, D., Barker, L. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Ornithological and Marine Mammal Baseline Characterisation Surveys for the POSEIDON project: January-March (Seasonal) Report – South-West Celtic Sea Young, S., Grant, R. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report April 2022 to July 2023 Nova Innovation Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
The Tradeoff Between Wildlife Conservation and Renewable Energy: Evidence from Golden Eagles and Wind Turbines O'Brien, B., Hagerty, N. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Bat mortality in wind farms of southern Europe: temporal patterns and implications in the current context of climate change del Mar Salguero, M., De la Cruz, A., Munoz, A-R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
Parc éolien en mer de Saint Nazaire _ Suivi de l'avifaune et de la mégafaune marine.: Rapport final de la mesure MSU10 en phase de construction (Octobre 2021- Septembre 2022) Biotope Report Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Wind Farm Project Environmental Monitoring Programme: Moray East Offshore Wind Farm Moray Offshore Wind Farm (East) Limited Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Bat and Bird Data Analysis and Results Summary: Progress Report #5 Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy Noise Bats, Birds
Revolution Wind Farm and Revolution Wind Export Cable Project Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Lesser prairie-chicken habitat selection and survival relative to a wind energy facility located in a fragmented landscape LeBeau, C., Smith, K., Kosciuch, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Quantifying trade-offs for the spatial allocation of onshore wind generation capacity – A case study for Germany Tafarte, P., Lemann, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Monitoring of spring bird migration in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds 2023 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitefield, P. Report Wind Energy Birds
Conspecific Carcass Removal from a Wind Project Study Plot by a Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Bell, D., Snyder, S., Didonato, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Unlocking the Potential of Wind Energy With Machine Learning-Based Avian Detection: A Call to Action Principato, M., Hasselwander, L., Stangner, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Carcasses of Eagles Killed by Wind Turbines Huso, M., Dalthorp, D., Mintz, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Thermal soaring over the North Sea and implications for wind farm interactions van Erp, J., Sage, E., Bouten, W. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Seabirds
Annual environmental report 2022 – Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Shutting down offshore wind turbines during peak bird migration Rijkswaterstaat Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Sensitivity analysis of collision risk at wind turbines based on flight altitude of migratory waterbirds Kamata, T., Sato, H., Mukai, H. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Waterfowl
Seasonal Abundance and Habitat Associations of American Kestrels on the Southern High Plains of Texas Linner-Warren, Bibles, B., Boal, C. Journal Article Birds, Raptors
Ornithological and Marine Mammal Baseline Characterisation Surveys for the POSEIDON project: October-December (Seasonal) Report – Central North Sea Young, S., Pereira, D., Davitt, V. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Ornithological and Marine Mammal Baseline Characterisation Surveys for the POSEIDON project: October-December (Seasonal) Report – South-West Celtic Sea Young, S., Pereira, D., Davitt, V. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Displaying 401 - 440 of 2812 results