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Birds

Birds - Seagull
A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2948

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Cumulative effects of offshore wind farms on common guillemots (Uria aalge) in the southern North Sea - climate versus biodiversity? Peschko, V., Schwemmer, H., Mercker, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
AppSaS – Apportioning seabirds seen-at-sea: Project executive summary The Carbon Trust Report Birds, Seabirds
Apportioning seabirds seen-at-sea (AppSaS): Apportioning in the nonbreeding season tool (ANBS) — User Guide to the ANBS tool The Carbon Trust Report Birds, Seabirds
Avian Monitoring with CCTV Cameras on Floating Wind Turbines Spoor, Equinor Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Habitatverlies van alken en zeekoeten in en rondom offshore windpark Gemini Grundlehner, A., Leopold, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
AppSaS – Apportioning seabirds seen-at-sea: WP3 - Method evaluation The Carbon Trust Report Birds, Seabirds
AppSaS – Apportioning seabirds seen-at-sea: WP1 - Review The Carbon Trust Report Birds, Seabirds
AppSaS – Apportioning seabirds seen-at-sea: WP4 - Tool development The Carbon Trust Report Birds, Seabirds
NextWind: Advancing Wind Energy Technology Using Real-Time Monitoring Systems in a Digital Twin Application Siddiqi, K., Kramer, S., Schneider, S. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Assessing areas suitable for offshore wind energy considering potential risk to breeding seabirds in northern Japan Obane, H., Kazama, K., Hashimoto, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
AppSaS – Apportioning seabirds seen-at-sea — WP2 - Data Acquisition The Carbon Trust Report Birds, Seabirds
Predicting the spatial distribution of wintering golden eagles to inform full annual cycle conservation in western North America Wallace, Z., Bedrosian, B., Dunk, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Post-construction Monitoring Study for the California Ridge Wind Farm Champaign and Vermilion Counties, Illinois DuBridge, K., Wilson, G., Ritzert, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Post-Construction Monitoring Study for the Crescent Wind Project Hillsdale County, Michigan Fritchman, C., Ciecka, A., Pickle, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Localized Eco-Climatic Impacts of Onshore Wind Farms: A Review Ze, J., Xiuchun, Y., Ang, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment
Approach Distances of Scottish Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines According to Blade Motion Status, Wind Speed, and Preferred Habitat Fielding, A., Anderson, D., Benn, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
SU6 : suivi de la mégafaune marine (mammifères marins et avifaune) par avion ; SU7 : suivi de la mégafaune marine (mammifères marins et avifaune) par bateau – Phase de référence et phase de construction Biotope Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind on the Marine Ecosystem and Associated Species: Background and Issues for Congress Keating-Bitoni, C., Marshak, A., Comay, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Shetland Tidal Array Project Environmental Monitoring Plan (PEMP) Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms Thaxter, C., Green, R., Collier, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Long-term impacts of the Smøla wind farm on a local population of white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) Stokke, B., Dahl, E., Kleven, O. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Spatial and temporal dynamics of bird movement over the North Sea van Erp, J., Shamoun-Baranes, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme: Annual Report 2023 The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Ornithological and Marine Mammal Baseline Characterisation Surveys for the POSEIDON project: January (Seasonal) Report – Northern Isles Meza, C., Soares, K., Young, S. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
The Impact of Wind Turbines on the Distribution of Wintering and Migrating Raptors Mitchell, K. Thesis Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Assessment of Technology Gaps for Statistically Robust Data and Integration of Monitoring of Birds and Marine Mammals into Equipment and Operations of Offshore Windfarms Courbis, S., Williams, K., Stepanuk, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals
Bilan environnemental 2022 du parc éolien en mer de Saint-Brieuc Iberdrola Renewables Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
The Relationship Between Offshore Wind Farms and Marine Wildlife in Rhode Island Lloyd, H., Caputo. A., Foley. B. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals
Treffpunkt Nordsee – Zugwege der Sterntaucher Burger, C., Nehls, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Environmental Effects Monitoring Program Annual Report 2023 Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Utilizing high-resolution genetic markers to track population-level exposure of migratory birds to renewable energy development Harrigan, R., Rajbhandary, J., Bossu, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Winter Distribution of Golden Eagles in the Eastern USA Miller, T., Lanzone, M., Braham, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Ectoparasitism and Energy Infrastructure Limit Survival of Preadult Golden Eagles in the Southern Great Plains Murphy, R., Millsap, B., Stahlecker, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Numbers of wildlife fatalities at renewable energy facilities in a targeted development region Conkling, T., Fesnock, A., Katzner, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Longterm response of offshore wind farms on wintering birds Nielsen, J., Mortensen, M., Yasmin, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds
Assessing the Use of Long-Term Lek Survey Data to Evaluate the Effect of Landscape Characteristics and Wind Facilities on Sharp Tailed Grouse Lek Dynamics in North Dakota and South Dakota Shaffer, J., Buhl, D., Newton, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds
Estimating mortality of small passerine birds colliding with wind turbines Nilsson, A., Molværsmyr, S., Breistol, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines
Mitigation measures for preventing collision of birds with wind turbines Garcia-Rosa, P., Tande, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Wind farms and Griffon Vultures: Evidence that under certain conditions history is not-always turbulent Farfan, M., Díaz-Ruiz, F., Duarte, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Summary of Activities and the Results of Ornithological Monitoring in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds, 2023 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitefield, P. Report Wind Energy Birds

Displaying 401 - 440 of 2948 results