Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2812

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Mapping Environmental Considerations for Marine Spatial Planning in Wales: Methodology Murray, L., Bloomfield, H., Skates, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Assessing potential conflicts between offshore wind farms and migration patterns of a threatened shorebird species Schwemmer, P., Pederson, R., Haecker, K. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Protecting avian wildlife for wind farm siting: The Screening Tool Proof of Concept Salkanovic, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions
Development of a Cumulative Impact Assessment tool for birds in Norwegian Offshore Waters: Trollvind OWF as a case study Layton-Matthews, K., Buckingham, L., Critchley, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds
Information to support Environmental Assessment of tidal lagoon developments in Wales Natural Resource Wales Guidance Marine Energy, Tidal Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Bird Protection Zones in a Wind Park by Ka-Band Radar Surveillance: Field Results from the Wind Testing Site WINSENT Malzer, M., Burhenn, M., Beck, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
National Light Pollution Guidelines for Wildlife Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCEEW) Guidance Lighting Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Ecosystem Processes, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
First assessment on the influence of wind farms and high-voltage networks on ruddy-headed goose Chloephaga rubidiceps migration in Patagonia, Argentina Pedrana, J., Gorosábel, A., Pütz, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Waterfowl
Offshore Wind Energy and Seabird Collision Vulnerability in California Grover, W. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Assessing individual movement, habitat use, and behavior of non-breeding marine birds in relation to prey availability in the US Atlantic Gulka, J., Berlin, A., Friedland, K. Journal Article Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish
Ecological impacts of the expansion of offshore wind farms on trophic level species of marine food chain Wang, L., Wang, B., Cen, W. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Seasonal patterns of bird and bat collision fatalities at wind turbines Lloyd, J., Butryn, R., Pearman-Gillman, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
IdentiFlight als Schutzmaßnahme für den Seeadler (Haliaeetus albicilla) Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit sowie artenschutzrechtliche Einordnung Reichenbach, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plan for Commercial Lease OCS Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind, LLC Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds, Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts
Pilotstudie: Erprobung Probabilistik/Testing Probabilistics Mercker, M., Liedtke, J., Liesenjohann, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Hudson South 2 E05 Bat and Bird Acoustic Analysis and Results Summary Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Assessing movements of Lesser Black-backed Gulls using GPS tracking devices in relation to the Galloper Wind Farm Green, R., Thaxter, C., Johnston, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
PrePARED Annual Report 2022 Marine Scotland, University of Aberdeen, SMRU Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
A Geospatial Analysis of Species of Interest in US Atlantic Wind Energy Areas O'Brien, B. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals
Technology Gaps for Bird Monitoring in Relation to Offshore Wind Energy Development Courbis, S., Etter, H., Pacini, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
New insights into the influence of turbines on the behaviour of migrant birds: implications for predicting impacts of offshore wind developments on wildlife Willmott, J., Forcey, G., Vukovich, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds
Ocean Wind 1 Construction and Operations Plan Ocean Wind 1 Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Joint responsibility in the development of effective wind-turbine collision-reducing solutions May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern Garthe, S., Schwemmer, H., Peschko, V. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Digital Survey: First Semiannual Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future Soukissian, T., O’Hagan, A-M., Azzellino, A. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Standardised and referenced acoustic monitoring reliably estimates bat fatalities at wind turbines: comments on 'Limitations of acoustic monitoring at wind turbines to evaluate fatality risk of bats' Behr, O., Barre, K., Bontadina, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Winter 2022-2023 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitefield, P. Report Wind Energy Birds
An assessment of high-risk regions for seabirds in the Gulf of Maine draft call area Stepanuk, J., Gilbert, A., Stenhouse, I. Report Birds, Seabirds
Windfarm collisions in medium-sized raptors: even increasing populations can suffer strong demographic impacts Duriez, O., Pilard, P., Saulnier, N. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
JNCC Report 736: Red-Throated Diver Energetics Project Final Report 2023 Thompson, D.L., Duckworth, J., Ruffino, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
An ecological risk assessment for the impacts of offshore wind farms on birds in Australia Reid, K., Baker, G., Woehler, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Passerines, Seabirds
The bigger picture: developing a low-cost graphical user interface to process drone imagery of tidal stream environments Slingsby, J., Scott, B., Kregting, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2022 Magnus, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Bat and Bird monitoring guidance Skov, H. Guidance Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Monitoring Framework for Automated Radio Telemetry at Offshore Wind Projects in the U.S. Atlantic Loring, P., Carlson, E., Gobeille, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Short Science Summary: Collision Risk Modeling – A Tool for Assessing Risks to Raptors at Wind Energy Facilities WREN, Dempsey, L., Hein, C. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Anholt Offshore Windfarm - Stabilisation of Cable Protection Systems and Cables at Scour Protected Monopile Locations and the Offshore Substation Grindlay, S., Fischer, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Monitoring of Marine Life During Offshore Wind Energy Development—Guidelines and Recommendations Kershaw, F., Jones, A., Folsom-O’Keefe, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Potential biological impacts of very low frequency acoustical energy produced by offshore wind turbine energy generation Stocker, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Displaying 441 - 480 of 2812 results