Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2812

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Assessing the Use of Long-Term Lek Survey Data to Evaluate the Effect of Landscape Characteristics and Wind Facilities on Sharp Tailed Grouse Lek Dynamics in North Dakota and South Dakota Shaffer, J., Buhl, D., Newton, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds
Mitigation measures for preventing collision of birds with wind turbines Garcia-Rosa, P., Tande, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Wind farms and Griffon Vultures: Evidence that under certain conditions history is not-always turbulent Farfan, M., Díaz-Ruiz, F., Duarte, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Summary of Activities and the Results of Ornithological Monitoring in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds, 2023 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitefield, P. Report Wind Energy Birds
Grand Challenges Revisited: Wind Energy Research Needs for a Global Energy Transition Veers, P., Dykes, K., Baranowski, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Recommendations for Evaluating the Use of Existing Baseline Observational Survey Data for Birds in Offshore Wind Site Characterization Processes for the U.S. Atlantic Avian Displacement Guidance Committee Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds
Ornithological and Marine Mammal Baseline Characterisation Surveys for the POSEIDON project: September-October (Seasonal) Report – Northern Isles Soares, K., Young, S., Warford, S. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
How far are birds, bats, and terrestrial mammals displaced from onshore wind power development? – A systematic review Tolvanen, A., Routavaara, H., Jokikokko, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
WILDetect: An intelligent platform to perform airborne wildlife census automatically in the marine ecosystem using an ensemble of learning techniques and computer vision Kuru, K., Clough, S., Ansell, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Exploration of potential collaboration on preventive, mitigation and compensation measures van der Kamp, M., Brekelmans, M., Verweij, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Incidental eagle carcass detection can contribute to fatality estimation at operating wind energy facilities Hallingstad, E., Riser-Espinoza, D., Brown, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions
Joint OSPAR/HELCOM/ICES Working Group on Seabirds (JWGBIRDS; Outputs from 2022 Meeting) Dierschke, V., Frederiksen, M., Glemarec, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Bioseco Pilot Study Results Report Camera-Based Anti-Collision System Species Protection Assessment Clausen, E., Welcker, J., Liesenjohann, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Quick scan of cumulative impacts on the North Sea biodiversity: with a focus on selected species in relation to future developments in offshore wind energy Jongbloed, R., Tamis, J., van der Wal, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions
Validation of the bird migration prediction model Kraal, J., Krijgsveld, K., Japink, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
A Probabilistic Methodology for Determining Collision Risk of Marine Animals with Tidal Energy Turbines Copping, A., Hasselman, D., Bangley, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Monitoring of the migration of birds through the territory of the Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Аutumn 2023 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitefield, P. Report Wind Energy Birds
Griffon Vulture movements are concentrated around roost and supplementary feeding stations: implications for wind energy development on Mediterranean islands Cerri, J., Fozzi, I., De Rosa, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Ornithological and Marine Mammal Baseline Characterisation Surveys for the POSEIDON project: July-September (Seasonal) Report – South-West Celtic Sea Young, S., Hawkins, L. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Ornithological and Marine Mammal Baseline Characterisation Surveys for the POSEIDON project: July-September (Seasonal) Report – Central North Sea Young, S., Pereira, D., Player, M. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Annotated Bibliography of Scientific Research on Greater Sage-Grouse Published from October 2019 to July 2022 Teige, E., Maxwell, L., Jordan, S. Report Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
EolPop, a R-shiny tool for quantifying the demographic impact of species exposed to fatalities: Application to bird collisions with wind turbines Chambert, T., Duriez, O., Deleaux, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Quick scan of effects from large upscaling of offshore wind (part B) Odinga, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals
Flight heights obtained from GPS versus altimeters influence estimates of collision risk with offshore wind turbines in Lesser Black-backed Gulls Larus fuscus Johnston, D., Thaxter, C., Boersch-Supan, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Avoidance of offshore wind farms by Sandwich Terns in the North Sea increases with turbine density van Bemmelen, R., Leemans, J., Collier, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Strategic study of collision risk for birds on migration and further development of the stochastic collision risk modelling tool Woodward, I., Franks, S., Bowgen, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Seabird tagging feasibility for the Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind Energy Cook, A., Pollock, C., Bogdanova, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Understanding seabird behaviour at sea part 2: improved estimates of collision risk model parameters Cook, A., Thaxter, C., Davies, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Digital Survey: First Annual Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Ornithological and Marine Mammal Baseline Characterisation Surveys for the POSEIDON project: April-June (Seasonal) Report – Central North Sea Young, S., Pereira, D., Player, M. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Amended Biological Opinion on the Effects of the Sunrise Wind Farm and Sunrise Wind Export Cable – Development and Operation on Federally Listed Species within the Jurisdiction of the Long Island Field Office, New York. Papa, S., Spiller, K., Kaforski, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Long-term monitoring of bird migration across the North and Norwegian Seas Cordes, L., May, R. Report Birds
Avian monitoring by cameras on buoys Spoor, Equinor Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds
Maryland Offshore Wind Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Effects of wind turbine noise on songbird behavior during nonbreeding season Lehnardt, Y., Barber, J., Berger-Tal, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds, Passerines
Consideration of avoidance behaviour of northern gannet (Morus bassanus) in collision risk modelling for offshore wind farm impact assessments (NECR512) Pavat, D., Harker, A., Humphries, G. Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Grouse and Land-Based Wind Energy Development in the United States ECO Wind, Dempsey, L., Savarino, P. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Detection of wind turbines rotary motion by birds: A matter of speed and contrast Blary, C., Bonadonna, F., Dussauze, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Quick scan of effects from large upscaling of offshore wind (part C) Quee, N. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Behavioral responses to offshore windfarms during migration of a declining shorebird species revealed by GPS-telemetry Schwemmer, P., Mercker, M., Haecker, K. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Displaying 361 - 400 of 2812 results