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Legal & Policy

How governing bodies plan for and regulate renewable energy projects through policy and legal frameworks.

Legal

There are several local and federal agencies that must approve the various components of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project throughout the permitting process. A baseline environmental assessment is typically required to identify potential environmental concerns, including the presence of threatened or endangered species. Depending on the concerns identified during this assessment, monitoring and mitigation efforts may be required during facility construction, operation, and decommissioning.

 

Policy

An in-depth understanding of the potential environmental impacts of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project is extremely important in determining the governing policies surrounding the assessment and approval of the project. The level of risk of a project presents is typically determined by considering both the known consequences of a project’s development and the uncertainty around its potential impacts. Various local, state, and federal policies have been developed to support the growth of the wind and marine renewable energy industries in a sustainable manner.

 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Legal & Policy.

Total: 877

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Folk om havvind: Det er veldig i det blå Bratseth, K., Skjølsvold, T., Heidenreich, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
State of the Industry: Offshore Wind - Part 2 McMahon, S., Musial, W. Podcast Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Balancing Stakeholders' Perspectives for Sustainability: GIS-MCDM for Onshore Wind Energy Planning Richards, D., Yabar, H., Mizunoya, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Climate Action Support 2024 Dhabi, A. Report Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Wave and Tidal Energy: Evaluation of Feasibility, Costs, and Benefits Senate Bill 605 Report Lee, S., Strong, V., Aspen Environmental Group Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Monitoring Biodiversity at Sea: Discussion paper on advancing standardised biodiversity monitoring for Nature-Positive offshore wind development Stephenson, P. Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
National Marine Plan 2 - planning position statement: consultation Scottish Government Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Assessing the sustainability of Blue Economy activities using an ecosystem and life cycle-based approach: Possibilities, challenges and implications for an informed policy making De Luca Pena, L., Dewulf, J., Staes, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Guidance on biodiversity cumulative impact assessment for wind and solar developments and associated infrastructure Bennun, L., Fletcher, C., Cook, A. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
State of the Industry: Offshore Wind - Part 1 McMahon, S., Metcalfe, O. Podcast Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
INSITE Phase 2: Understanding the influence of man-made structures in the marine environment Howell Marine Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Optimizing onshore wind power installation within China via geographical multi-objective decision-making Hua, E., Sun, R., Feng, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
ENSURING TRANSFERABILITY: AN EVIDENCE BRIDGE APPROACH Booth, C., Hastie, G., Sparling, C. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
ORE Outlook 2040 - UK Offshore Renewable Energy in 2040: Building a Sustainable and Competitive ORE Sector on a Pathway to Net Zero by 2050 Greaves, D., White, D., Noble, D. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Uniting action on climate and biodiversity Ørsted Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Ensuring The Social License For Wind Projects In Latin America Global Wind Energy Council Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
OES-Environmental 2024 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World OES-Environmental Report Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Blue Economy CRC – Report of the Offshore Wind status quo in Norway and reflection on best practices Hatlebrekke, H., Dankel, D., Tiller, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Co-located offshore wind and floating solar farms: A systematic quantitative literature review of site selection criteria Ali, F., Etemad-Shahidi, A., Stewart, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), US Department of the Interior (DOI) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Planning and Licensing of Onshore Wind Power Projects (Planlegging og konsesjonsbehandling av vindkraftanlegg på land) Ministry of Energy, Norway Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Representative Project Design Envelope for Floating Offshore Wind Energy: A Focus on the California 2023 Federal Leases Cooperman, A., Biglu, M., Hall, M. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Update on Ocean Energy Systems-Environmental (OES-E) Copping, A., Garavelli, L., Hemery, L. Presentation Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
An environmental data integration and assessment tool for supporting marine energy adaptive management frameworks McWilliams, S., Chang, G., Kramer, S. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Overview of Renewable Energy Spatial Planning and Designation of Acceleration Areas in Selected EU Member States Wingenbach, M., Dünzen, K., Krieger, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Renewable Energy Impact and Readiness Study Ainsaar, K., Ombiga, J., Barry, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Identification of applicable regulation and public policy gaps regarding marine renewable energy in Mexico Rivera, G., Ortiz, M., Rivera-Arriaga, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC, Salinity Gradient, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Compensatory Mitigation & Biodiversity Positive Approaches in the Marine Environment Goyert, H., Jedele, T. Presentation Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Resource Equivalency Analysis: Quantifying Mitigation for Offshore Wind Projects Grigelis, P., Phillips-Hagedorn, M. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Compensatory Mitigation for Offshore Wind Baker, K. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Offshore Wind Energy Development and Compensatory Mitigation in the Northeast Region Vail-Muse, S. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
AB 525 Offshore Wind Strategic Plan Jones, M., Bartridge, J., Walker, L. Report Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Global Offshore Wind Report 2024 Williams, R., Zhao, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Introducing Ørsted's biodiversity measurement framework Ørsted Webpage Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Regulations for Bat Protection in Mexico's Wind Farms Uribe, M., Aguilera, J., Villada-Canela, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Protecting the Ocean and Supporting Rural Coastal Communities through Responsible Marine Renewable Energy Ocean Conservancy Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
From Waste to Renewables: Challenges and Opportunities in Recycling Glass Fibre Composite Products from Wind Turbine Blades for Sustainable Cement Production Bulińska, S., Sujak, A., Pyzalski, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Law in Order: An Inventory of State Renewable Energy Siting Policies Enterline, S., Valainis, A. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
GIS-based suitability mapping for offshore and onshore wind energy in the United Arab Emirates Gherboudj, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data

Displaying 161 - 200 of 877 results