Legal & Policy

How governing bodies plan for and regulate renewable energy projects through policy and legal frameworks.

Legal

There are several local and federal agencies that must approve the various components of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project throughout the permitting process. A baseline environmental assessment is typically required to identify potential environmental concerns, including the presence of threatened or endangered species. Depending on the concerns identified during this assessment, monitoring and mitigation efforts may be required during facility construction, operation, and decommissioning.

 

Policy

An in-depth understanding of the potential environmental impacts of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project is extremely important in determining the governing policies surrounding the assessment and approval of the project. The level of risk of a project presents is typically determined by considering both the known consequences of a project’s development and the uncertainty around its potential impacts. Various local, state, and federal policies have been developed to support the growth of the wind and marine renewable energy industries in a sustainable manner.

 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Legal & Policy.

Total: 738

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Offshore Wind Energy or Domestic Seafood? How the Department of the Interior Can Facilitate Both Through Self-Binding Procedures Irwin, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Wind Energy Contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals: Case Study on London Array Olabi, A., Obaideen, K., Abdelkareem, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Socio-economic, legal, and political context of offshore renewable energies Salvador, S., Ribeiro, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Constitutional aspects of ecological safety in relation to offshore wind farms in the British and Polish legal systems Drewek, M., Tretyn, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Managing human activity and marine mammals: A biologically based, relativistic risk assessment framework Southall, B., Tollit, D., Amaral, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The Evolution and Future Prospects of China’s Wave Energy Policy from the Perspective of Renewable Energy: Facing Problems, Governance Optimization and Effectiveness Logic Qi, M., Dai, X., Zhang, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
SafeWave Deliverable 5.3 Refinement of a Risk-based Adaptive Management Approach with industry, regulatory and societal stakeholders Verling, E., Menchaca, I., Galparsoro, I. Report Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A techno-economic and socio-environmental planning of wind farms for sustainable development and transition to a decarbonized scenario: Pakistan as a case study Shah, M., Khanum, S., Waqas, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme: Annual Report 2022 The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Reconciling climate action with the need for biodiversity protection, restoration and rehabilitation Gorman, C., Torsney, A., Gaughran, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A Review of Offshore Renewable Energy in South America: Current Status and Future Perspectives Shadman, M., Roldan-Carvajal, M., Pierart, F. Journal Article Marine Energy, Ocean Current, OTEC, Salinity Gradient, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Marine Renewable Energy: Policy, People, and Prospects Wickizer, B., Brandt, D., Robertson, B. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The negative impact of wind turbines on wildlife in South Africa Docrat, N. Thesis Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
The landrush of wind energy, its socio-material workings, and its political consequences Kirkegaard, J., Rudolph, D., Nyborg, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Environmental licensing for offshore wind farms: Guidelines and policy implications for new markets de Vasconcelos, R., Silva, L., Gonzalez, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Marine renewable energy technologies on the high seas: challenges and opportunities to strengthen international environmental and renewable energy governance Soria-Rodríguez, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Blue energy in China: exploring the prospects and development path for marine renewable energy industries Wang, J., Wu, W., Wang, H. Conference Paper Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
The current state on China's marine energy industry policy Ni, N. Conference Paper Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Offshore Wind Energy Permitting Processes in the European Union: An examination of Danish, German, Scottish and Swedish offshore permitting processes and case study of acoustic impact on marine mammals Jack, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Conflicts between Fisheries and Offshore Wind Power in Taiwan: Legal and Administrative Prospects Tseng, H., Kao, S-C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Spatial study North Seas 2030 – offshore wind development Royal Haskoning Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation
Regulatory and Policy Frameworks for Offshore Wind Projects: Spatial and Temporal Considerations in Light of Fisheries Sustainability amid Climate Change Al Arif, A., Anchustegui, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Public dialogue as a collaborative planning process for offshore wind energy projects: Implications from a text analysis of a South Korean case Park, S., Yun, S., Cho, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Powering the Blue Economy: An Assessment of Marine Renewable Energies Guduru, S., Narula, K. Book Chapter Marine Energy, OTEC, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Noise pollution from wind turbines and its effects on wildlife: A cross-national analysis of current policies and planning regulations Teff-Seker, Y., Berger-Tal, O., Lehnardt, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
"We could have been leaders": The rise and fall of offshore wind energy on the political agenda in Ireland Roux, J-P., Fitch-Roy, O., Devine-Wright, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Mitigating Negative Impacts of Marine Renewable Energy on Biodiversity: The Role of International Environmental Law Marauhn, T., Böhringer, A-M., Jaś-Nowopolska, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Wind turbines without curtailment produce large numbers of bat fatalities throughout their lifetime: A call against ignorance and neglect Voigt, C., Kaiser, K., Look, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Case study on the novel permitting and authorization of PacWave South, a US grid-connected wave energy test facility: Development, challenges, and insights Freeman, M., O'Neil, R., Garavelli, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A decade of underwater noise research in support of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive Merchant, N., Putland, R., André, M. Journal Article Noise Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Curtailment as a successful method for reducing bat mortality at a southern Australian wind farm Bennett, E., Florent, S., Venosta, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Wave energy: history, implementations, environmental impacts, and economics Li, H., Sun, X., Zhou, H. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Chemicals, Collision, Displacement Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
The Potential Compatibility of Designating Offshore Wind Farms within Wider Marine Protected Areas—Conservation of the Chinese White Dolphin Regarding Fishers’ Perception Jhan, H-T., Lee, H-T., Ting, K-H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Decommissioning of Offshore Renewable Energy Installations in Scottish waters or in the Scottish part of the Renewable Energy Zone under The Energy Act 2004 The Scottish Government Guidance Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Hawkeye State Headwinds: A Case Study of Local Opposition and Siting Challenges for Large Scale Wind Development in Iowa Kelly, C., Nelson, S., Herter, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
End of Life Materials Mapping for Offshore Wind in Scotland Bennet, L., Spyroudi, A., Stevenson, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
A comparative study of laws and policies on supporting marine energy development in China and Korea Ko, D., Ge, Y., Park, J.S. Journal Article Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
“After the leases are signed, it's a done deal”: Exploring procedural injustices for utility-scale wind energy planning in the United States Elmallah, S., Rand, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
State-of-the-art review of the flexibility and feasibility of emerging offshore and coastal ocean energy technologies in East and Southeast Asia Li, M., Luo, H., Zhou, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Offshore wind power - the new trend for economic development and security of island sovereignty Doan, T., Tran, Q. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Displaying 161 - 200 of 738 results