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Legal & Policy

How governing bodies plan for and regulate renewable energy projects through policy and legal frameworks.

Legal

There are several local and federal agencies that must approve the various components of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project throughout the permitting process. A baseline environmental assessment is typically required to identify potential environmental concerns, including the presence of threatened or endangered species. Depending on the concerns identified during this assessment, monitoring and mitigation efforts may be required during facility construction, operation, and decommissioning.

 

Policy

An in-depth understanding of the potential environmental impacts of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project is extremely important in determining the governing policies surrounding the assessment and approval of the project. The level of risk of a project presents is typically determined by considering both the known consequences of a project’s development and the uncertainty around its potential impacts. Various local, state, and federal policies have been developed to support the growth of the wind and marine renewable energy industries in a sustainable manner.

 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Legal & Policy.

Total: 779

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Ensuring The Social License For Wind Projects In Latin America Global Wind Energy Council Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Uniting action on climate and biodiversity Ørsted Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
OES-Environmental 2024 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World OES-Environmental Report Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Blue Economy CRC – Report of the Offshore Wind status quo in Norway and reflection on best practices Hatlebrekke, H., Dankel, D., Tiller, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), US Department of the Interior (DOI) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Planning and Licensing of Onshore Wind Power Projects (Planlegging og konsesjonsbehandling av vindkraftanlegg på land) Ministry of Energy, Norway Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Representative Project Design Envelope for Floating Offshore Wind Energy: A Focus on the California 2023 Federal Leases Cooperman, A., Biglu, M., Hall, M. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Update on Ocean Energy Systems-Environmental (OES-E) Copping, A., Garavelli, L., Hemery, L. Presentation Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
An environmental data integration and assessment tool for supporting marine energy adaptive management frameworks McWilliams, S., Chang, G., Kramer, S. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Overview of Renewable Energy Spatial Planning and Designation of Acceleration Areas in Selected EU Member States Wingenbach, M., Dünzen, K., Krieger, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Renewable Energy Impact and Readiness Study Ainsaar, K., Ombiga, J., Barry, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Identification of applicable regulation and public policy gaps regarding marine renewable energy in Mexico Rivera, G., Ortiz, M., Rivera-Arriaga, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC, Salinity Gradient, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Compensatory Mitigation & Biodiversity Positive Approaches in the Marine Environment Goyert, H., Jedele, T. Presentation Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Offshore Wind Energy Development and Compensatory Mitigation in the Northeast Region Vail-Muse, S. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Resource Equivalency Analysis: Quantifying Mitigation for Offshore Wind Projects Grigelis, P., Phillips-Hagedorn, M. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Compensatory Mitigation for Offshore Wind Baker, K. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
AB 525 Offshore Wind Strategic Plan Jones, M., Bartridge, J., Walker, L. Report Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Global Offshore Wind Report 2024 Williams, R., Zhao, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Introducing Ørsted’s biodiversity measurement framework Ørsted Webpage Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Regulations for Bat Protection in Mexico's Wind Farms Uribe, M., Aguilera, J., Villada-Canela, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Protecting the Ocean and Supporting Rural Coastal Communities through Responsible Marine Renewable Energy Ocean Conservancy Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Law in Order: An Inventory of State Renewable Energy Siting Policies Enterline, S., Valainis, A. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Winds of Progress: An In-Depth Exploration of Offshore, Floating, and Onshore Wind Turbines as Cornerstones for Sustainable Energy Generation and Environmental Stewardship Afridi, S. K., Koondhar, M. A., Jamali, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting Bats, Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Future Framework for Offshore Renewable Energy Policy Statement 2024 Department of Environment Climate and Communications Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Offshore Energy Development in Poland: Social and Economic Dimensions Chomác-Pierzecka, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Conditions for nature friendly and circular decommissioning Natuur & Milieu Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Conditions for sustainable decommissioning of offshore wind turbines Kelder, M., van Pelt, A., van Megen, O. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
PRIMRE – Portal and Repository for Information on Marine Renewable Energy Copping, A., Weers, J., Castillo, C. Presentation Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
From Science to Consenting: Applying Environmental Effects Information to Support Regulatory Decision-Making Freeman, M., Copping, A., Rose, D. Presentation Marine Energy Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Online courses on Offshore Renewable Energy Bluespring Presentation Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Evaluation of offshore wind energy diffusion in long-term scenarios in the Colombian Caribbean Valencia, M., Arango-Aramburo, S., Osorio, A. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Spinning Negativity: Discourses of Delay on Offshore Wind in the 118th Congress Garo, I., Roberts, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Screening Report Fehily Timoney and Company, Mace Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
To what extent can decommissioning options for marine artificial structures move us toward environmental targets? Knights, A., Lemasson, A., Firth, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Spatial multicriteria framework for sustainable wind-farm planning: Accounting for conflicts Kandy, D., Mörtberg, U., Wretling, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme: Annual Report 2023 The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Appropriate Assessment Screening Report For The Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) Future Framework Policy Statement Fehily Timoney and Company, Mace Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Marine Monitoring: Understanding the influence of man-made structures in the marine environment Howell Marine Consulting Report Wind Energy Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Exploration of potential collaboration on preventive, mitigation and compensation measures van der Kamp, M., Brekelmans, M., Verweij, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning

Displaying 121 - 160 of 779 results