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Legal & Policy

How governing bodies plan for and regulate renewable energy projects through policy and legal frameworks.

Legal

There are several local and federal agencies that must approve the various components of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project throughout the permitting process. A baseline environmental assessment is typically required to identify potential environmental concerns, including the presence of threatened or endangered species. Depending on the concerns identified during this assessment, monitoring and mitigation efforts may be required during facility construction, operation, and decommissioning.

 

Policy

An in-depth understanding of the potential environmental impacts of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project is extremely important in determining the governing policies surrounding the assessment and approval of the project. The level of risk of a project presents is typically determined by considering both the known consequences of a project’s development and the uncertainty around its potential impacts. Various local, state, and federal policies have been developed to support the growth of the wind and marine renewable energy industries in a sustainable manner.

 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Legal & Policy.

Total: 841

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
In the Shadows of Giant Turbines Voparil, I., Bennett, J., O'Connor, K. Podcast Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
A Policy Scan of Cumulative Effects Assessment in Support of Renewable Clean Growth Projects in Canada Tedeschi, A., Stoot, L., Rytwinski, T. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Waste Management of Wind Turbine Blades—A Review of Recycling Methods and Applications in Cementitious Composites Jasińska, D., Dutkiewicz, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
End-of-life wind turbine blade management across energy transition: A life cycle analysis Alavi, Z., Khalilpour, K., Florin, N. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment
UK Ocean Energy Review 2024 Grattan, K., Noble, D., Jeffrey, H. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Guidelines for Providing Information for Mitigating Impacts to Commercial and For Hire Recreational Fisheries on the Outer Continental Shelf Pursuant to 30 CFR Part 585 BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
System impacts of wind energy developments: Key research challenges and opportunities McKenna, R., Lilliestam, J., Heinrichs, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Assessing Impacts of Offshore Wind Development: An Analysis of the Minimization of Economic Exposure of the Scallop Fishery Through the Regulatory Process Chaji, M., Ardini, G., Harsch, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Follow-up Overview of Renewable Energy Spatial Planning and Designation of Acceleration Areas in Selected EU Member States Krieger, S., Dünzen, K., Gibson, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Floating Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure Nielsen, K., Robertson, B., Sierman, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme: Annual Report 2024 The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Towards circularity in the wind industry: Optimal reverse supply network design under various policy scenarios Trivyza, N.L., Tuni, A., Rentizelas, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Developing the Offshore Wind that Birds Need Seavy, N., Wojcicki, S., Madden, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Scottish Offshore Wind Energy Council (SOWEC) Innovation Guide Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
State-Level Marine Energy Policy Case Study and Overview Behrmann, M., Gjestvang, K. Report Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Environmental Effects Monitoring Program Annual Report 2024 Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
SafeWave Deliverable 5.4 Guidance Document on a Risk Based, Adaptive Management Based Consenting Process for Wave Energy Projects in France and Ireland Verling, E., O'Hagan, A., Soulard, T. Report Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Scenarios for Replacing Conventional Energy With Offshore Renewable Energy Along the Central California Coast Ruttenberg, B., Wang, Y., Walter, R. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Offshore wind and impacts on migratory waterfowl of the Atlantic flyway White, M. Thesis Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Folk om havvind: Det er veldig i det blå Bratseth, K., Skjølsvold, T., Heidenreich, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Manufacturers' power strategy confronting marine energy instability and consumers' environmental concern: Incentive and data-driven policy analysis Niu, B., Deng, X., Wang, H. Journal Article Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Requirements for Coastal Resilience in Europe European Marine Board (EMB) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
State of the Industry: Offshore Wind - Part 2 McMahon, S., Musial, W. Podcast Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Balancing Stakeholders' Perspectives for Sustainability: GIS-MCDM for Onshore Wind Energy Planning Richards, D., Yabar, H., Mizunoya, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Climate Action Support 2024 Dhabi, A. Report Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Wave and Tidal Energy: Evaluation of Feasibility, Costs, and Benefits Senate Bill 605 Report Lee, S., Strong, V., Aspen Environmental Group Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Monitoring Biodiversity at Sea: Discussion paper on advancing standardised biodiversity monitoring for Nature-Positive offshore wind development Stephenson, P. Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
National Marine Plan 2 - planning position statement: consultation Scottish Government Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Assessing the sustainability of Blue Economy activities using an ecosystem and life cycle-based approach: Possibilities, challenges and implications for an informed policy making De Luca Pena, L., Dewulf, J., Staes, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Guidance on biodiversity cumulative impact assessment for wind and solar developments and associated infrastructure Bennun, L., Fletcher, C., Cook, A. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
INSITE Phase 2: Understanding the influence of man-made structures in the marine environment Howell Marine Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
State of the Industry: Offshore Wind - Part 1 McMahon, S., Metcalfe, O. Podcast Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Optimizing onshore wind power installation within China via geographical multi-objective decision-making Hua, E., Sun, R., Feng, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
ENSURING TRANSFERABILITY: AN EVIDENCE BRIDGE APPROACH Booth, C., Hastie, G., Sparling, C. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
ORE Outlook 2040 - UK Offshore Renewable Energy in 2040: Building a Sustainable and Competitive ORE Sector on a Pathway to Net Zero by 2050 Greaves, D., White, D., Noble, D. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Ensuring The Social License For Wind Projects In Latin America Global Wind Energy Council Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Uniting action on climate and biodiversity Ørsted Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
OES-Environmental 2024 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World OES-Environmental Report Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Blue Economy CRC – Report of the Offshore Wind status quo in Norway and reflection on best practices Hatlebrekke, H., Dankel, D., Tiller, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement

Displaying 121 - 160 of 841 results