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Legal & Policy

How governing bodies plan for and regulate renewable energy projects through policy and legal frameworks.

Legal

There are several local and federal agencies that must approve the various components of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project throughout the permitting process. A baseline environmental assessment is typically required to identify potential environmental concerns, including the presence of threatened or endangered species. Depending on the concerns identified during this assessment, monitoring and mitigation efforts may be required during facility construction, operation, and decommissioning.

 

Policy

An in-depth understanding of the potential environmental impacts of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project is extremely important in determining the governing policies surrounding the assessment and approval of the project. The level of risk of a project presents is typically determined by considering both the known consequences of a project’s development and the uncertainty around its potential impacts. Various local, state, and federal policies have been developed to support the growth of the wind and marine renewable energy industries in a sustainable manner.

 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Legal & Policy.

Total: 878

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Ocean Energy and Net Zero: Policy Support for the Cost Effective Delivery of 12GW Wave and Tidal Stream by 2050 Wong, P., Grattan, K., Jeffrey, H. Report Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Cumulative effects of offshore renewables: From pragmatic policies to holistic marine spatial planning tools Declerck, M., Trifonova, N., Hartley, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Spatiotemporal occurrence of bats at the southern North Sea 2017-2020 Lagerveld, S., Geelhoed, S., Wilkes, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: Challenge and Future Options to Address Anthropogenic Underwater Noise Maruf, M. Journal Article Noise Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Exploring agenda-setting of offshore energy innovations: Niche-regime interactions in Dutch Marine Spatial Planning processes Kusters, J., van Kann, F., Zuidema, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
National Light Pollution Guidelines for Wildlife Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCEEW) Guidance Lighting Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Ecosystem Processes, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
An interpretive model to assess the barriers to ocean energy toward blue economic development in India Trivedi, A., Trivedi, V., Pandey, K. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
The mayor said so? The impact of local political figures and social norms on local responses to wind energy projects Karakislak, I., Schneider, N. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Commercial and Research Wind Lease and Grant Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Outer Continental Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
A network approach to analyse Australia's blue economy policy and legislative arrangements Frohlich, M., Fidelman, P., Dutton, I. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Assembly Bill 525 Offshore Wind Energy Permitting Roadmap MacDonald, R. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future Soukissian, T., O'Hagan, A-M., Azzellino, A. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Blue Economy Regulatory Review Submission: Marine Renewable Energy and Environmental Protection Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Report Marine Energy, Tidal Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Can Offshore Wind Development Have a Net Positive Impact on Biodiversity? Regulatory and Scientific Perspectives and Considerations Jedele, T., Migliaccio, E., Wyman, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Socio-political acceptability of floating offshore wind farms in France: challenges and perspectives for marine governance towards sustainability Fofack-Garcia, R., Mazé, C., Safi, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Wind Energy and the Energy Transition: Challenges and Opportunities for Mexico Magar, V., Peña, A., Hahmann, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Offshore Wind Energy or Domestic Seafood? How the Department of the Interior Can Facilitate Both Through Self-Binding Procedures Irwin, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Wind Energy Contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals: Case Study on London Array Olabi, A., Obaideen, K., Abdelkareem, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Guideline for underwater noise: Installation of impact or vibratory driven piles. March 2023 Danish Energy Agency Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Constitutional aspects of ecological safety in relation to offshore wind farms in the British and Polish legal systems Drewek, M., Tretyn, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Socio-economic, legal, and political context of offshore renewable energies Salvador, S., Ribeiro, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Managing human activity and marine mammals: A biologically based, relativistic risk assessment framework Southall, B., Tollit, D., Amaral, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The Evolution and Future Prospects of China's Wave Energy Policy from the Perspective of Renewable Energy: Facing Problems, Governance Optimization and Effectiveness Logic Qi, M., Dai, X., Zhang, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
SafeWave Deliverable 5.3 Refinement of a Risk-based Adaptive Management Approach with industry, regulatory and societal stakeholders Verling, E., Menchaca, I., Galparsoro, I. Report Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Planning, discretion and the legacy of onshore wind Mackie, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
A techno-economic and socio-environmental planning of wind farms for sustainable development and transition to a decarbonized scenario: Pakistan as a case study Shah, M., Khanum, S., Waqas, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme: Annual Report 2022 The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Reconciling climate action with the need for biodiversity protection, restoration and rehabilitation Gorman, C., Torsney, A., Gaughran, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A Review of Offshore Renewable Energy in South America: Current Status and Future Perspectives Shadman, M., Roldan-Carvajal, M., Pierart, F. Journal Article Marine Energy, Ocean Current, OTEC, Salinity Gradient, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Marine Renewable Energy: Policy, People, and Prospects Wickizer, B., Brandt, D., Robertson, B. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The negative impact of wind turbines on wildlife in South Africa Docrat, N. Thesis Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Bilan environnemental 2021 du parc éolien en mer de Saint-Brieuc Iberdrola Renewables Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Greater Gippsland Offshore Wind Project Preliminary Desktop Marine Environmental Assessment McKinnon, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Greater Gippsland Offshore Wind Project Preliminary Desktop Biodiversity and Constraints assessment Botha, J., Sime, H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Terrestrial Mammals, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
The landrush of wind energy, its socio-material workings, and its political consequences Kirkegaard, J., Rudolph, D., Nyborg, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Environmental licensing for offshore wind farms: Guidelines and policy implications for new markets de Vasconcelos, R., Silva, L., Gonzalez, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Marine renewable energy technologies on the high seas: challenges and opportunities to strengthen international environmental and renewable energy governance Soria-Rodríguez, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Blue energy in China: exploring the prospects and development path for marine renewable energy industries Wang, J., Wu, W., Wang, H. Conference Paper Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
The current state on China's marine energy industry policy Ni, N. Conference Paper Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Offshore Wind Energy Permitting Processes in the European Union: An examination of Danish, German, Scottish and Swedish offshore permitting processes and case study of acoustic impact on marine mammals Jack, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy

Displaying 241 - 280 of 878 results