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Wind Energy

Image of a wind turbine
The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Wind Energy.

Total: 7475

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Sound pressure kurtosis analysis for impact pile driving including noise mitigation Peng, Y., Sertlek, O., Tsouvalas, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Community benefit agreement preferences for energy development offshore California, Oregon, and Washington: Insights from a choice-based conjoint experiment Taufiq, H., Stelmach, G., Rahman, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Development of offshore wind farms from an environmental perspective Gkeka-Serpetsidaki, P., Dimitriou, I., Poursanidis, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Assessing the impacts of offshore wind turbines on suspended sediments concentration in northern China coastal waters on the basis of Sentinel-1/2 Hou, Y., Yu, D., Xing, Q. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Renewable energy growth amplifies land pressure on Norwegian biodiversity Borgelt, J., Gilad, D., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Tethys Wind Fact Sheet Tethys Summary Wind Energy
A call to standardize metrics for monitoring baleen whales near marine construction activities Szesciorka, A., Severy, M., Ampela, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Species-specific acoustic responses by bats to ultrasonic stimuli used for reducing bat-wind turbine interactions Guest, E., Weaver, S., Hale, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Avoiding and Minimising Environmental Impacts from Offshore Wind and Grid Infrastructure Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Airflow Dynamics and Bat Behavior Near Wind Energy Turbines and Trees Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Wind Energy Dis- and Misinformation Wind Europe Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Frequently Asked Questions: Offshore Wind and Birds Bird Communications Specialist Committee Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Bat Visual Systems and Wind Energy Clerc, J., Dempsey, L., ECO Wind Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Lighting Bats
Land-Based Wind Energy Stimuli and Wildlife Sensory Environments Dempsey, L., Clerc, J., ECO Wind Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise
A Framework for Analysing and Improving Graduate Attributes and Employability in the Blue Economy Cossu, R., Adams, L., Pountney, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
National assessment reveals widespread wind farm impacts on land surface temperature and vegetation in China Li, Z., Yan, L., Yingzuo, Q. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Implications of surveyor accuracy in bird flight height estimation for wind farm collision risk assessment Largey, N., Edwards, H., Fernandez-Bellon, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Marine Spatial Planning-Based Siting Methodology for Co-Located Offshore Wind and Wave Energy Cullen, E., Fitzgerald, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation
Understanding the role of offshore energy structures in ecosystem service delivery: Applying global findings to the North Sea Squire, M., Madgett, A., Burdon, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes
Electromagnetic fields from submarine power cables: A 35 Year synthesis of effects on aquatic biota James, E., Ghodsi, M., Ford, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Effects of Concurrent Pile Driving on Marine Mammal Acoustic Range Tripathy, A., Fowler, K., Fowler, K. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Combining the cumulative impact and marine use conflict-synergy assessment for identifying priority potential conservation areas for estuarine spatial planning Zhu, Z., Zeng, C., Yang, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Transactional or transformative? Offshore wind developer perspectives on community benefit mechanisms in the United States Ruscetta, L., Korein, E., Miller, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Evaluating environmental impacts and public preferences in offshore wind farm decommissioning Stranddorf, L., Ladenburg, J., Rönnblom, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement
Estimating the traffic rates of bats migrating across the North and Baltic Seas to develop efficient mitigation measures at offshore wind energy facilities Seebens-Hoyer, A., Bach, L., Pommeranz, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats
Evaluating environmental impacts and public preferences in offshore wind farm decommissioning Stranddorf, L., Ladenburg, J., Rönnblom, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Seasonal and spatial variations in activity of short- distance migrating bats in relation to weather conditions Klang, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats
Assessing the associations between renewable energy generation and other human-induced threats to terrestrial biodiversity Gorosábel, A., Farooq, H., Mulligan, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Offshore Energy and Environmental Research Ryu, S., Dempsey, L., Ampela, K. Summary Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions
Effects of Onshore Wind Energy on Semi-Domesticated Reindeer WREN, Thant, Z., May, R. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions
Reimagining community-centered engagement to guide offshore wind planning and development Henderson, C., Duffy, K., Rose, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Offshore Environmental Monitoring with Platform-Mounted Sensors Szesciorka, A., Farr, H., Severy, M. Summary Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Acoustic Impact of a Floating Wind Turbine Prototype in the Mediterranean Sea Buscaino, G., Papale, E., Ceraulo, M. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Near Real-Time Passive Acoustic Mitigation Monitoring: Three Case Studies Malinka, C., Tabbutt, S., Matei, M. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Song flight and 3D thermal detection provide evidence for bat attraction to wind turbines in Central Europe Nagy, M., Hochradel, K., Haushalter, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Near Real-Time Passive Acoustic Mitigation Monitoring: Three Case Studies Malinka, C., Tabbutt, S., Matei, M. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Assessing the Life Cycle Environmental Performance of Floating Wind Turbines Yildiz, N., Baniotopoulos, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Exploratory study on offshore aquaculture suitability and co-location with marine renewable energy in Portugal Costa, C. , Miranda, F., Clemente, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Health & Safety, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation
Modelling multi-use within selected OWF of the Dutch North Sea Schneider, L., Heye, S., Vilmin, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Fine-scale proximity to offshore wind turbine foundations increases biomass of demersal fish species Bicknell, A., Gierhart, S., Lambrette, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish

Displaying 1 - 40 of 7475 results