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Wind Energy

Image of a wind turbine
The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Wind Energy.

Total: 7514

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Sound pressure kurtosis analysis for impact pile driving including noise mitigation Peng, Y., Sertlek, O., Tsouvalas, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Community benefit agreement preferences for energy development offshore California, Oregon, and Washington: Insights from a choice-based conjoint experiment Taufiq, H., Stelmach, G., Rahman, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Development of offshore wind farms from an environmental perspective Gkeka-Serpetsidaki, P., Dimitriou, I., Poursanidis, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Effects of Land-Based Wind Energy on Ecosystems WREN, Thant, Z., May, R. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes
Turbulence drives seabed modification by offshore windfarms Unsworth, C. , McCarron, C., Whitehouse, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change
Renewable energy growth amplifies land pressure on Norwegian biodiversity Borgelt, J., Gilad, D., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Assessing the impacts of offshore wind turbines on suspended sediments concentration in northern China coastal waters on the basis of Sentinel-1/2 Hou, Y., Yu, D., Xing, Q. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Tahkoluodon merituulipuiston vaikutus lintujen lentotiheyksiin ja -reitteihin Mäkelä, P., Niemi, J., Pasanen, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
3rd Edition: Summary of Bat Fatality Monitoring Data Contained in AWWIC Land-based Wind Energy Monitoring Database Schauber, E., Butryn, R., Felton, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Tethys Wind Fact Sheet Tethys Summary Wind Energy
Offshore wind farms reshape ocean stratification and productivity differently in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea Maar, M., Schourup-Kristensen, V., Mohn, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes
Localized and temporary vessel traffic changes from offshore wind development on the US East Coast pose limited risk to large whales Bishop, A., Meyer-Gutbrod, E., Nowacek, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Noise, Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Raptor exposure to collision risk in relation to weather and season at a wind farm in tropical Africa Kimani, D., Ndiritu, G., Kimuyu, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Mooring Sensors for Environmental Awareness (MoorSEA)—Environmental Data Memo H.T. Harvey & Associates, Schatz Energy Research Center Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Entanglement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Mitigating underwater noise from offshore wind turbines via individual pitch control de Frutos, M., Botero-Bolívar, L., Ferrer, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
A call to standardize metrics for monitoring baleen whales near marine construction activities Szesciorka, A., Severy, M., Ampela, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Best practice guidance for the collection, management and analysis of data to support post-construction seabird collision monitoring at offshore wind farms Valantiejus, Ž., Boersch-Supan, P., Thaxter, C. Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Interactions between Offshore Wind Farms and Fisheries in European waters Cosgrove, R., Tray, E., Murphy, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Just Transition and Coastal Communities: Case studies of Orkney, North East Scotland and the Humber Estuary McCarron, A., Shapovalova, D., Potts, T. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Best practice guidance for the installation of monitoring equipment to support post construction seabird collision monitoring at offshore wind farms Valantiejus, Ž., Boersch-Supan, P., Thaxter, C. Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Rethinking the responsible application of nature-inclusive design in marine infrastructure to restore ecosystems and enhance biodiversity Degraer, S., Cornacchia, L., Ziemba, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction
Species-specific acoustic responses by bats to ultrasonic stimuli used for reducing bat-wind turbine interactions Guest, E., Weaver, S., Hale, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Avoiding and Minimising Environmental Impacts from Offshore Wind and Grid Infrastructure Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Wind Energy Dis- and Misinformation Wind Europe Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Airflow Dynamics and Bat Behavior Near Wind Energy Turbines and Trees Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Frequently Asked Questions: Offshore Wind and Birds Bird Communications Specialist Committee Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Seabirds in 3D: A framework to evaluate collision vulnerability with future offshore wind developments in the California current system Schneider, S., Wallach, E., Chamberlin, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Land-Based Wind Energy Stimuli and Wildlife Sensory Environments Dempsey, L., Clerc, J., ECO Wind Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise
Bat Visual Systems and Wind Energy Clerc, J., Dempsey, L., ECO Wind Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Lighting Bats
A Framework for Analysing and Improving Graduate Attributes and Employability in the Blue Economy Cossu, R., Adams, L., Pountney, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
National assessment reveals widespread wind farm impacts on land surface temperature and vegetation in China Li, Z., Yan, L., Yingzuo, Q. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Implications of surveyor accuracy in bird flight height estimation for wind farm collision risk assessment Largey, N., Edwards, H., Fernandez-Bellon, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Marine Spatial Planning-Based Siting Methodology for Co-Located Offshore Wind and Wave Energy Cullen, E., Fitzgerald, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation
Evaluating environmental impacts and public preferences in offshore wind farm decommissioning Stranddorf, L., Ladenburg, J., Rönnblom, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement
Estimating the traffic rates of bats migrating across the North and Baltic Seas to develop efficient mitigation measures at offshore wind energy facilities Seebens-Hoyer, A., Bach, L., Pommeranz, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats
Evaluating environmental impacts and public preferences in offshore wind farm decommissioning Stranddorf, L., Ladenburg, J., Rönnblom, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Understanding the role of offshore energy structures in ecosystem service delivery: Applying global findings to the North Sea Squire, M., Madgett, A., Burdon, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes
Electromagnetic fields from submarine power cables: A 35 Year synthesis of effects on aquatic biota James, E., Ghodsi, M., Ford, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Effects of Concurrent Pile Driving on Marine Mammal Acoustic Range Tripathy, A., Fowler, K., Fowler, K. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Combining the cumulative impact and marine use conflict-synergy assessment for identifying priority potential conservation areas for estuarine spatial planning Zhu, Z., Zeng, C., Yang, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning

Displaying 1 - 40 of 7514 results