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Wind Energy

Image of a wind turbine
The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Wind Energy.

Total: 7755

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
The diversity benefits of marine artificial structures: A global meta-analysis with implications for offshore wind farms and nature-inclusive design Richards, K., Moore, P.J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction Fish, Invertebrates
Assessing state biodiversity conservation planning and large-scale wind and solar energy development in the United States Condon, D., Bhartia, N., Jordaan, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life IV Popper, A., Sisneros, J., Lepper, P. Book Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Framework for circular economy strategies in wind turbine end-of-life management Doisy, P, Thakur, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Sound pressure kurtosis analysis for impact pile driving including noise mitigation Peng, Y., Sertlek, O., Tsouvalas, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Offshore wind farms' impact on phytoplankton carbon and water quality: A multimethod analysis Guo, X., Li, G., Shi, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment, Water Quality
Biological responses to underwater noise in marine ecosystems: A systematic review of taxon-informed threshold ranges Park, S., Byeon, Y., Lee, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Exploring perceived impacts of onshore wind farms and the link to public support and experience Vedder, L., van den Broek, K., Junginger, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Preliminary evidence of intra-offshore wind farm variation in epibiotic assemblages from automated ROV image analysis Marlow, J., Halpin, J., Wilding, T. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction
Climatic Impacts of Large-Scale Wind Farms in Arid and Semi-Arid Region in China: A Case Study of the Huitengxile Wind Farm in Inner Mongolia Su, X., Yu, E., Liu, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Physical Environment
Community benefit agreement preferences for energy development offshore California, Oregon, and Washington: Insights from a choice-based conjoint experiment Taufiq, H., Stelmach, G., Rahman, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Supergen ORE Hub (2026) Strategic Research Agenda Greaves, D., Brennan, F., Brown, S. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Identifying causes and consequences of ecosystem decline in the Irish Sea through bow-tie analysis Kolbuk, D., Bremner, J., Cahillane, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Impacts of Climate Change on Offshore Wind Power Density in Brazil Under Different Warming Scenarios Reis, J.S., Silva, F., Gomes, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Robust delivery, fragile legitimacy: How beliefs-rooted value conflict shapes project outcomes over time in an energy transition project Farid, P., Vos, M., Zerjav, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Balancing marine species conservation with cost-effective renewable energy development Ganley, L., Redfern, J., O'Brien, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Integrating 3-D thermal videography, ultrasonic acoustics, and weather radar to characterize bird and bat activity at wind turbines Shultz, A., Solick, D., Whitby, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats, Birds
Keeping floating wind at the forefront Foglia, A., Sørum, S., La Torre, F. Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Potentials and challenges of floating wind in the Mediterranean Sea: A joint industrial and academic perspective Acampora, A., Paduano, B., Longo, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Beyond the Wind: Mapping Externalities and Their Role in Shaping Willingness To Pay for Wind Energy De Pascale, G., Esposito, L., Riefolo, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Assessing the Underwater Impact of Aerodynamic Noise From Offshore Wind Turbines Botero-Bolívar, L., Marino Sánchez, O., de Frutos, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Evidence Review Note: Offshore Air Quality Offshore Wind Evidence Knowledge Hub Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Synergies and trade-offs between biodiversity and distance to settlements in the spatial allocation of wind power Luukkonen, S., Räsänen, A., Koivula, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Evidence Review Note: Offshore Major Accidents and Disasters Offshore Wind Evidence Knowledge Hub Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Health & Safety, Navigation
A spatially explicit environmental performance indicator accounting for different life-cycle impact pathways of onshore wind energy infrastructure Reto, S., Thomas, K., Roel, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
From Nimby to Lawmaking. Explaining the Impact of the Anti-Wind Farm Movement on Wind Energy Policy in Poland Bednarek-Szczepanska, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Onshore Wind Energy Development Causes Localized but Lasting Shifts in Plant Community Composition and Function Seifert, L., Sivertsen, K., Rugstad, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
Impacts of Floating Offshore Wind: Planning for a Sustainable Source of Energy Teixeira, R., Argyri, A., Efthimiou, L. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Evolution of Offshore Renewable Energy Consenting Process in Ireland: Legal and Governance Reforms Islek, F., Salauddin, M., Malekjafarian, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Bird Behavior and Physiology: Implications for Collision and Displacement Risk WREN, Dempsey, L., Hein, C. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Development of offshore wind farms from an environmental perspective Gkeka-Serpetsidaki, P., Dimitriou, I., Poursanidis, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Wind turbine proximity and health-related quality of life in Germany 2002 to 2022 Knies, G., Jetzkowitz, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Health & Safety
Research Progress on the Impact of Wind Farms on Climate and Ecology Zhang, P., Gao, X., Han, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes
GIS-based simulation for wind farm site suitability analysis: A systematic review Nguyen, D-T., Nguyen, T-T., Nguyen, N-H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
Community preferences and expectations for end-of-life management strategies of wind farms: A prospective study Zhang, W., Nishikizawa, S., Murayama, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
The Regenerative Blue Economy: Pathways to Prosperity World Economic Forum Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
The Third World Ocean Assessment (WOA III) United Nations (UN) Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Effects of Land-Based Wind Energy on Ecosystems WREN, Thant, Z., May, R. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes
Achieving energy security in the Gulf of Guinea: harnessing ocean energy through regional cooperation Mukwele, S., Tambo, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy
Empire Wind: Enhancing Marine Mammal Monitoring in Offshore Wind Construction Aniceto, A., Kriesell, H., Carduner, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement

Displaying 1 - 40 of 7755 results