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Marine Mammals

Breaching humpback whale
A broad term that encompasses cetaceans, pinnipeds, and others.

Marine mammals include pinnipeds (seals, sea lions), cetaceans (dolphins and whales), and sea otters. Because these organisms have fairly advanced cognitive abilities, it is fairly difficult to gauge how offshore renewable energy devices will affect marine mammals. Some of these organisms use echolocation to communicate and navigate themselves through the marine environment, which poses a concern as noise emitted from offshore renewable energy devices can have the potential to mask or hide echolocation of marine mammals. Some marine mammals also have very sensitive hearing, which makes these organisms vulnerable to loud noises generated underwater (i.e. pile driving/construction). With these issues in mind, the stressors that pose the greatest risks to marine mammals are collision, habitat change, and displacement, as well as noise.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Marine Mammals.

Total: 1685

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
The flyway construct and assessment of offshore wind farm impacts on migratory marine fauna Secor, D., O'Brien, M., Bailey, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Revised Danish Guidelines for Underwater Noise from Installation of Impact or Vibratory Driven Piles Lutzen, R., Keller, S., Tougaard, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Spatial Impact of Wind Farm Construction on Harbor Porpoise Detectability van Geel, N., Benjamins, S., Marmo, B. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Underwater Sound Emissions from the Moorings of Floating Wind Turbines: HYWIND Scotland Case Study Pace, F., Burns, R., Martin, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Balancing the Use of Acoustic Deterrent Devices (ADDs), Slow-Start, and Soft-Start for Offshore Impulsive Piling Stephenson, S., Lee, R., Birch, C. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Hearing Impact on Marine Mammals Due to Underwater Sound from Future Wind Farms Thomsen, F., Stober, U., Sarnocinska-Kot, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Ornithological and Marine Mammal Baseline Characterisation Surveys for the POSEIDON project: March (Seasonal) Report – Northern Isles Soares, K., Davitt, V., Young, S. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Avoidance & Minimisation of Environmental Impacts from Offshore Wind & Grid Infrastructure Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Ornithological and Marine Mammal Baseline Characterisation Surveys for the POSEIDON project: June (Seasonal) Report – Northern Isles Irvine, G., Soares, K., Young, S. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
2024 Update to: Technical Guidance for Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammal Hearing (Version 3.0): Underwater and In Air Criteria for Onset of Auditory Injury and Temporary Threshold Shifts National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Guidance Noise Marine Mammals
Schemes for Assessing Ecosystem Impacts in the Offshore Wind Siting Processes of European Countries and Implications for Korea Ahn, S., Soh, Y., Ryu, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Options for biodiversity-friendly designs and approaches for offshore wind farms in Ireland BlueWise Marine Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
OES-Environmental 2024 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World OES-Environmental Report Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
2024 State of the Science Report - Chapter 3: Marine Renewable Energy: Stressor-Receptor Interactions Garavelli, L., Hemery, L., Rose, D. Report Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles
Recent Advances in Assessing Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Around the World Copping, A., Martinez, L., Hemery, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Ocean Current, OTEC, Riverine, Salinity Gradient, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Technology Gaps for Monitoring Birds and Marine Mammals at Offshore Wind Facilities Courbis, S., Williams, K., Stepanuk, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Marine Mammals
Cetacean passive acoustic network in the Belgian part of the North sea Calonge, A., Gonzalez, P., Mortelmans, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Spatial planning offshore wind energy farms in California for mediating fisheries and wildlife conservation impacts White, C., Wang, Y-H., Walter, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Entanglement Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Evaluating the Impacts of Offshore Wind‬ Development on Marine Ecosystems‬ ‭ King, C. Thesis Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), US Department of the Interior (DOI) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Collaborative Road Map for Offshore Wind Impact Statement - September 2024 California Marine Sanctuary Foundation Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf, Offshore Oregon Final Environmental Assessment Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), US Army Corps of Engineers Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Maryland Offshore Wind Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries
Collaboration for Environmental Mitigation and Nature Inclusive Design (CEMNID) Xodus Group, The Rich North Sea - De Rijke Noordzee Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Harbour porpoise responses to the installation of XXL monopiles without noise abatement; implications for noise management in the Southern North Sea Benhemma-Le Gall, A., Hastie, G., Brown, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Dominion Energy Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind Commercial Project: Vessel Strike Avoidance Plan Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Marine Mammals
Preliminary study on the environmental effects of hydrogen production at sea Plantema, M., van Erp, C., Verweij, L. Report Chemicals, Noise Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Wind Energy: Technologies and Approaches to Help Address Environmental Effects United States Government Accountability Office Report Wind Energy Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Oral Presentations: New Technologies Gallagher, K., Adolf, J., Landolt, K. Presentation Wind Energy Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Mitigation Approaches for Wildlife and Fisheries Newhall, A., Laan, S., Booth, C. Presentation Wind Energy Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Building Sustainable Offshore Wind Futures Through Collaborative Research Programs Savitsky, I., Shumchenia, E., Bland, K. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Entanglement Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Wildlife Survey Design and Analysis Palka, D., Macleod, K., Sigourney, D. Presentation Wind Energy Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Ecosystem Linkages and Forecasting Orphanides, C., Adams, E., Hirtle, N. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Hydrodynamics and Ecosystem Linkages Raghukumar, K., van Duren, L., Booth, C. Presentation Wind Energy Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment
Lightning Talks Rosenberg, Y., Yanos, C., Courbis, S. Presentation Wind Energy Collision Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
The Interface Between Science & Offshore Wind Policy in a Dynamic Ecosystem Rosenbaum, H., Rekdahl, M., King-Nolan, C. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Role of Acoustics in Marine Life Monitoring and Mitigation for the Offshore Wind Industry Kohut, J., Warren, J., Premus, V. Presentation Wind Energy Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Regional Wildlife Science Collaborative Science Plan Implementation in 2024 and Beyond Shumchenia, E., Brill, D., Barco, S. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Project WOW: Update on Project Results and Plans Nowacek, D. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals

Displaying 161 - 200 of 1685 results