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Marine Mammals

Breaching humpback whale
A broad term that encompasses cetaceans, pinnipeds, and others.

Marine mammals include pinnipeds (seals, sea lions), cetaceans (dolphins and whales), and sea otters. Because these organisms have fairly advanced cognitive abilities, it is fairly difficult to gauge how offshore renewable energy devices will affect marine mammals. Some of these organisms use echolocation to communicate and navigate themselves through the marine environment, which poses a concern as noise emitted from offshore renewable energy devices can have the potential to mask or hide echolocation of marine mammals. Some marine mammals also have very sensitive hearing, which makes these organisms vulnerable to loud noises generated underwater (i.e. pile driving/construction). With these issues in mind, the stressors that pose the greatest risks to marine mammals are collision, habitat change, and displacement, as well as noise.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Marine Mammals.

Total: 1686

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
North Atlantic right whale detection range performance quantification on a bottom-mounted linear hydrophone array using a calibrated acoustic source Premus, V., Abbot, P., Illich, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Threat Assessment for the Critically Endangered North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis) Vanderlaan, A., Lang, S., Sanchez, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Case-dependent impacts of offshore wind farms on ecosystems: A systematic review and meta-analysis Thomassen, J., Brown, E., Henriksen, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Robust real-time detection of right whale upcalls using neural networks on the edge Hyer, M., Anderson, A., Mann, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Overview of the potential ecological impacts of three offshore locations for wind farms in Aotearoa New Zealand McKinlay, B., van Helden, A., Taylor, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Passive acoustic monitoring of baleen whales using autonomous gliders in relation to offshore wind energy areas in the New York Bight Gallagher, K., Baumgartner, M., Kohut, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Marine Mammal surveys – pre-investigations for offshore wind farms in the area North Sea I Sveegaard, S., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Cordier, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Offshore surveys of Birds, Bats and Marine Mammals for Offshore Wind Farms in Danish Waters, North Sea I for Year 2 Petersen, I., Thomsen, H., Scott-Hayward, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Quantification of the Risk of Secondary Entanglement due to Derelict Fishing Gear for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Hallowell, S., Brady, D., Rzeszowski, E. Presentation Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Entanglement Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Tidal flow masks acoustic detections of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena): Implications for passive acoustic studies of cetaceans Veneruso, G., Chapuis, L., Hastie, G. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Baseline surveys of Birds, Bats and Marine Mammals in areas for Offshore Wind Farms in the Danish North Sea (North Sea I) Brinkløv, S., Smeele, S., Uebel, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Misplaced fears? What the evidence reveals of the ecological effects of tidal power generation Ascher, S., Gray, I., Collins, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Right Wind: Resolving Protected Species Space-Use Conflicts in Wind Energy Areas Ganley, L., Rice, A., Ryder, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Offshore Wind Farm Cumulative Effects Assessments – Case Study 1: Including projects without an EIA Sinclair, R., Klementisova, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Project WOW Acoustic Sampling Strategies, Platforms, and Initial Results Nowacek, D., Rice, A., Southall, B. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Proposed Underwater Noise Limits for Offshore Wind Construction in the U.S. Reeve, M., Martin, M., H.W. Wilson Company Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Uncrewed Aerial Systems Aid to Advance Field Studies of Construction Sound Exposure of Fin Whales in Southern New England Waters Parks, S., Adcock, D., Burgess, A. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Environmental effects of marine renewable energy off-grid and micro-grid applications: a use case approach to assess existing knowledge and remaining uncertainties Hemery, L., Weicht, L., Copping, A. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
CWW 2025 Book of Abstract Conference on Wind Energy and Wildlife Impact Conference Paper Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Environmental Risks and Impacts of Offshore Energy: A Literature Review Pontinha, D., Bispo, L., Gervásio, H. Conference Paper Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Assessment of Federal Offshore Wind Permitting and Environmental Review Processes Hartnett, M., Morandi, A., Reynolds, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Visual Impacts
Evidence Bridges: Marine Mammal Case Study – Closing the Loop: Feasibility study to determine a feedback approach for post-consent monitoring to reduce consenting risk in future assessments. Booth, C., Sparling, C., Hastie, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Evidence review of harbour porpoise disturbance ranges in the context of the assessment and management of impulsive noise in Special Areas of Conservation: unexploded ordnance clearance, explosives for decommissioning, seismic (airgun) survey, etc. Majewska, K., Brown, A., Charish, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Ecological impacts of floating offshore wind on marine mammals and associated trophic interactions: current evidence and knowledge gaps Harris, C., Benjamins, S., Scott, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals
ORJIP Closing the Loop: Recommendations and roadmap (D05) Jones, E., Hague, A., Booth, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Untangling the way forward for responsible offshore wind energy: Recommendations to reduce marine life entanglement risks Gutierrez, I, Kershaw, F, Loomis, B Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Entanglement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Evidence review of harbour porpoise disturbance ranges in the context of the assessment and management of impulsive noise in Special Areas of Conservation: impact piling Brown, A., Majewska, K., Benhemma-Le Gall, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Updated Effective Deterrent Ranges (EDRs) for assessing the significance of noise disturbance in harbour porpoise Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Temporal presence of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins to the piling during the first offshore wind farm construction in the Pearl River Estuary, China Fang, L., Wu, Y., Pine, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Assessing, monitoring and mitigating the effects of offshore wind farms on biodiversity Watson, S., Szostek, C., Edwards-Jones, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Addressing Place-Based Environmental Questions to Enable Marine Energy Deployments Hemery, L., Copping, A., Jones, K. Presentation Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Entanglement, Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Efficacy of real-time passive acoustic monitoring near wind energy industrial activities for mitigating risks to right whales Baumgartner, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Sea Space Analysis for Wave and Tidal Energy Lee, S., Strong, V., Anning, D. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Marine Mammal Monitoring: Methods, Technologies, and Opportunities for Innovation Dorrian, N., Ferguson, E., Scala, L. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Marine Mammals
Evaluating the Transferability of Marine Mammal Data Between Tidal Stream Energy Developments (2025) Phillips, E., Wren, S., San Martin, E. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Marine Mammals
Leveraging Protected Species Observer (PSO) data for conservation in offshore wind energy development Reiser, c., Conners, M., Smultea, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Sunrise Wind Pile Driving Monitoring Plan (OCS-DC Jacket Foundation) Sunrise Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 2 Erbe, C., Thomas, J. Book Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals
Marine Mammal Acoustics in a Noisy Ocean Erbe, C., Houser, D., Bowles, A. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Supporting offshore wind growth: Automating data analysis in digital aerial surveys to enhance wildlife protection and survey efficiency Bartlett, B., Santos, M., Trslic, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy

Displaying 41 - 80 of 1686 results