Marine Mammals

A broad term that encompasses cetaceans, pinnipeds, and others.

Marine mammals include pinnipeds (seals, sea lions), cetaceans (dolphins and whales), and sea otters. Because these organisms have fairly advanced cognitive abilities, it is fairly difficult to gauge how offshore renewable energy devices will affect marine mammals. Some of these organisms use echolocation to communicate and navigate themselves through the marine environment, which poses a concern as noise emitted from offshore renewable energy devices can have the potential to mask or hide echolocation of marine mammals. Some marine mammals also have very sensitive hearing, which makes these organisms vulnerable to loud noises generated underwater (i.e. pile driving/construction). With these issues in mind, the stressors that pose the greatest risks to marine mammals are collision, habitat change, and displacement, as well as noise.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Marine Mammals.

Total: 1579

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Setting EU Threshold Values for impulsive underwater sound Sigray, P., Andersson, M., André, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals
Ecological impacts of the expansion of offshore wind farms on trophic level species of marine food chain Wang, L., Wang, B., Cen, W. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Noise Reduction Associated with Installation of Fixed-Bottom Foundations: Workshop Report Green, R., Farr, H., Ryan, K. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Characterisation of underwater operational noise of two types of floating offshore wind turbines Risch, D., Favill, G., Marmo, B. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
PrePARED Annual Report 2022 Marine Scotland, University of Aberdeen, SMRU Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
A Geospatial Analysis of Species of Interest in US Atlantic Wind Energy Areas O'Brien, B. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals
Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus) Near Offshore Wind Farm Areas Off the Coast of New Jersey Pepper, B. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Ocean Wind 1 Construction and Operations Plan Ocean Wind 1 Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Digital Survey: First Semiannual Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future Soukissian, T., O’Hagan, A-M., Azzellino, A. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Technology Gaps for Marine Mammal Monitoring in Relation to Offshore Wind Development Courbis, S., Etter, H., Pacini, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
An integrated conceptual model to characterize the effects of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services Baulaz, Y., Mouchet, M., Niquil, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2022 Magnus, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Response of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) to different types of acoustic harassment devices and subsequent piling during the construction of offshore wind farms Voß, J., Rose, A., Kosarev, V. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
A biologist's guide to the galaxy: Leveraging artificial intelligence and very high-resolution satellite imagery to monitor marine mammals from space Khan, C., Goetz. K., Cubaynes, H. Journal Article Marine Mammals
Anholt Offshore Windfarm - Stabilisation of Cable Protection Systems and Cables at Scour Protected Monopile Locations and the Offshore Substation Grindlay, S., Fischer, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Monitoring of Marine Life During Offshore Wind Energy Development—Guidelines and Recommendations Kershaw, F., Jones, A., Folsom-O’Keefe, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Revolution Wind Construction and Operations Plan Vanasse Hangen Brustlin Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions
Potential biological impacts of very low frequency acoustical energy produced by offshore wind turbine energy generation Stocker, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Managing human activity and marine mammals: A biologically based, relativistic risk assessment framework Southall, B., Tollit, D., Amaral, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Update on Strandings of Large Whales along the East Coast Marine Mammal Commission Report Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Wozep Ecological Programme: Update Wozep 2023 Offshore Wind Ecological Programme (Wozep) Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Revolution Wind COP Appendix P3: Underwater Acoustic Modeling Analysis Kusel, E., Weirathmueller, M., Zammit, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Underwater noise characteristics of offshore exploratory drilling and its impact on marine mammals Huang, L-F., Xu, X-M., Yang, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Zooplankton Survey for Regional Fisheries Monitoring in Southern New England Offshore Wind Development Turner, J., Weig, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
SouthCoast Wind Draft Environmental Impact Statement BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Visual Impacts
Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme: Annual Report 2022 The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Offshore Wind Activities and Marine Mammal Protection BOEM Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
5th ScotMER Symposium: Marine Mammals Marine Scotland Presentation Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Implications of wind and vessel noise on the sound fields experienced by southern resident killer whales Orcinus orca in the Salish Sea Burnham, R., Vagle, S., Thupaki, P. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Directional hydrophone clusters reveal evasive responses of small cetaceans to disturbance during construction at offshore windfarms Graham, I., Gillespie, D., Gkikopoulou, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Developing Parametric Source Functions for Wave Energy Converters Polagye, B., Bassett, C., Abadi, S. Research Study Marine Energy, Wave Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Environmental Impact Assessment
SAINT-NAZAIRE Bilan environnemental annuel 2022 Parc éolien en mer de Saint-Nazaire Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Biological Effects of Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields from 0 to 100 MHz on Fauna and Flora: Workshop Report Pophof, B., Henschenmacher, B., Kattnig, D. Journal Article Wind Energy EMF Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Demonstrating an Effective Marine Biodiversity Observation Network in the Santa Barbara Channel Miller, R., Siegel, D., Carlson, C. Report Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Marine Mammals A Deep Dive into the World of Science Brennecke, D., Knickmeier, K., Pawliczka, I. Book Marine Energy, Wind Energy Marine Mammals
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Sunrise Wind Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Use of multibeam imaging sonar for observation of marine mammals and fish on a marine renewable energy site Francisco, F., Bender, A., Sundberg, J. Journal Article Marine Energy Fish, Marine Mammals
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