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Marine Mammals

Breaching humpback whale
A broad term that encompasses cetaceans, pinnipeds, and others.

Marine mammals include pinnipeds (seals, sea lions), cetaceans (dolphins and whales), and sea otters. Because these organisms have fairly advanced cognitive abilities, it is fairly difficult to gauge how offshore renewable energy devices will affect marine mammals. Some of these organisms use echolocation to communicate and navigate themselves through the marine environment, which poses a concern as noise emitted from offshore renewable energy devices can have the potential to mask or hide echolocation of marine mammals. Some marine mammals also have very sensitive hearing, which makes these organisms vulnerable to loud noises generated underwater (i.e. pile driving/construction). With these issues in mind, the stressors that pose the greatest risks to marine mammals are collision, habitat change, and displacement, as well as noise.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Marine Mammals.

Total: 1731

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Updated Effective Deterrent Ranges (EDRs) for assessing the significance of noise disturbance in harbour porpoise Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Temporal presence of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins to the piling during the first offshore wind farm construction in the Pearl River Estuary, China Fang, L., Wu, Y., Pine, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Assessing, monitoring and mitigating the effects of offshore wind farms on biodiversity Watson, S., Szostek, C., Edwards-Jones, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Addressing Place-Based Environmental Questions to Enable Marine Energy Deployments Hemery, L., Copping, A., Jones, K. Presentation Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Entanglement, Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Efficacy of real-time passive acoustic monitoring near wind energy industrial activities for mitigating risks to right whales Baumgartner, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Sea Space Analysis for Wave and Tidal Energy Lee, S., Strong, V., Anning, D. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Marine Mammal Monitoring: Methods, Technologies, and Opportunities for Innovation Dorrian, N., Ferguson, E., Scala, L. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Marine Mammals
Evaluating the Transferability of Marine Mammal Data Between Tidal Stream Energy Developments (2025) Phillips, E., Wren, S., San Martin, E. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Marine Mammals
Leveraging Protected Species Observer (PSO) data for conservation in offshore wind energy development Reiser, c., Conners, M., Smultea, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Sunrise Wind Pile Driving Monitoring Plan (OCS-DC Jacket Foundation) Sunrise Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 2 Erbe, C., Thomas, J. Book Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals
Marine Mammal Acoustics in a Noisy Ocean Erbe, C., Houser, D., Bowles, A. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Supporting offshore wind growth: Automating data analysis in digital aerial surveys to enhance wildlife protection and survey efficiency Bartlett, B., Santos, M., Trslic, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Expected occurrence of wildlife in US Atlantic offshore wind areas Brill, D., Cleary, J., Roberts, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
The impact of pile driving noise on North Atlantic right whale detection using coherently beamformed hydrophone arrays Premus, V., Abbot, P., Abbot, T. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Predicted and observed responses of harbour porpoises to pile driving noise at Moray West Offshore Wind Farm Thompson, P., Benhemma-Le Gall, A., Lee, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Towards Nature Positive for the Ocean: Pathways for Corporate Contributions Carrow, A., Lynch, L., Kroner, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Offshore Wind Energy and Whales: TBC Industry Briefing Note The Biodiversity Consultancy Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Immediate and short-term effects of pile-driving on Hector's dolphin in Lyttelton Harbour, Aotearoa New Zealand Clement, D., Pavanato, H., Lenky, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Suitability of assessing population-level impacts from construction of a single wind farm – a case study on North Sea harbour porpoises van Geel, N., Benjamins, S., Marmo, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Harbour porpoise trends and offshore wind farm effects in the German Bight North Sea Rose, A., Braasch, A., Diederichs, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Spatial models of cetacean density in European Atlantic waters based on SCANS-IV summer 2022 survey data Gilles, A., Authier, M., Pigeault, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Tidal Industry Seal Project: Managing the Consenting Risk of Harbour Seal Collision in the Scottish Tidal Energy Industry Edwards, E., Davies, I., Gerich, G. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Sunrise Wind Pile Driving Monitoring Plan (WTG Monopile Foundation) Sunrise Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
What we have here is a failure to collaborate: Collective action, collaboration, and misinformation in the New Jersey anti-wind community Kwestel, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Integrated Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing for Real-time Monitoring of Offshore Wind Turbine Gearboxes, Tower Operations, and Marine Animal Activities (Final Project Report) Wu, Y., Luo, L., Soga, K. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Frequently Asked Questions: Offshore Wind and Whales Whale Communications Committee Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
PrePARED Annual Report 2024 Marine Scotland, University of Aberdeen, SMRU Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Effects and management implications of emerging marine renewable energy technologies Copping, A., Wood, D., Rumes, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC, Salinity Gradient Chemicals, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Marine Renewable Energy: An Introduction to Environmental Effects OES-Environmental Summary Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Underwater Noise Conflict Resolution: Framework Report Xodus Group Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Ornithological and Marine Mammal Baseline Characterisation Surveys for the POSEIDON project: July-September (Seasonal) Report – South-West Celtic Sea Young, S. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Improving Decision Making In Relation to Offshore Wind Australian Marine Conservation Society, Australian Centre for Offshore Wind Energy, Biodiversity Council Australia Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
2024 West Coast Whale Entanglement Summary NOAA Fisheries Summary Entanglement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Enhancing marine wildlife observations: the application of tethered balloon systems and advanced imaging sensors for sustainable marine energy development Amerson, A., Dexheimer, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Improving decisionmaking in relation to offshore wind priority knowledge and decision support needs for Australia Australian Marine Conservation Society Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Opportunities and challenges for marine ecosystem accounting at Hywind Tampen Mul, E. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Water Quality
Offshore wind FAQs Australian Marine Conservation Society Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Parc éolien au large de la Bretagne Sud (AO5) – état initial de l'environnement Couraud, L., Blondeau, G., Maglio, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Navigation
Challenges and Solutions for Offshore Wind Farm Cumulative Effects Assessments for Marine Mammals Sinclair, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Marine Mammals

Displaying 81 - 120 of 1731 results