Abstract
Offshore renewable energy will be essential in achieving the European Union’s goal of climate neutrality by 2050 and meeting the growing global energy demand. This sector includes wind, wave, and solar energy, each advancing at different stages of development. However, the expected expansion of offshore energy production may lead to significant environmental consequences. Assessing the ecological risks posed by wind-generated electricity to marine ecosystems is both urgent and essential. Offshore wind farms can affect biodiversity, disrupt habitats, and interfere with the migration patterns of marine species. Therefore, comprehensive studies are needed to identify potential risks and develop strategies to mitigate them. Through such assessments, like the ones compiled in the work presented herein, effective environmental management strategies can be implemented to minimize negative impacts. This will help ensure that offshore energy contributes to the transition toward sustainable energy without compromising marine ecosystems. The adoption of sustainable measures will allow the sector to grow responsibly, balancing technological progress with environmental preservation.