Invertebrates

A broad term that encompasses both marine and terrestrial animals lacking a backbone.

Invertebrates are organisms that lack a backbone. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Benthic invertebrates typically live on the seafloor; common examples include cephalopods (squid, octopus, nautilus), crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters), and mollusks (clams, barnacles). Many benthic invertebrates serve as indicators of ecosystem health and are harvested commercially around the world. Invertebrates that may be found on land include insects, worms, and arachnids.

Electromagnetic fields, noise pollution, changes in flow, and other impacts from offshore developments may affect the health of some benthic invertebrates. Changes in water quality may also alter benthic habitats and the organisms that reside within them negatively. However, the addition of offshore wind energy and marine renewable energy’s subsea cables and support structures to the seafloor may also provide new habitat, potentially acting as artificial reefs and attracting benthic invertebrates. Invertebrates found on land, such as insects, may be attracted to land-based wind energy's lighting and as a result, may be at a heightened risk of collision. 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Invertebrates.

Total: 895

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
South Fork Wind Benthic Monitoring Program: Sediment Profile and Plan View Imaging (SPI/PV), ROV-based Sampling, and Sediment Grab Sampling INSPIRE Environmental Webpage Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Science priorities to evaluate the effects of offshore wind energy development on fish and fisheries in the Gulf of America Sura, S. , Czaja, R., Brugnone,N. Journal Article Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism
Offshore wind farms modify coastal food web dynamics by enhancing suspension feeder pathways De Borger, E., Van Oevelen, D., Mavraki, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Marine Renewable Energy: An Introduction to Environmental Effects OES-Environmental Summary Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Empire Wind Squid Bottom Trawl/eDNA Monitoring Survey 2024 Annual Report INSPIRE Environmental, Monmouth University Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries
Empire Wind Scallop Monitoring Survey 2024 Annual Report INSPIRE Environmental Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries
Empire Wind 2024 Pre-Construction Benthic Monitoring Survey Report– Federal Waters INSPIRE Environmental Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Innovations in marine biodiversity monitoring using small unmanned underwater vehicles: ROVs & AUVs Kingma, E., Sokolova, M., Dogruer, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Offshore wind FAQs Australian Marine Conservation Society Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Tidal Stream Energy Project: Collision Risk Data and Evidence Summary Phillips, E., Wren, S., King, G. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Sustainability Assessment of an Oscillating Water Column During the Design, Installation, Operation, and Disassembly Phases Gallego-Ramírez, C., López-Mosquera, J., Chica, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Collaboratively Advancing our Understanding of Electromagnetic Fields – what do you need to know? Hutchison, Z., Gill, A. Workshop Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Impact on Oceanographic Processes: North Carolina to New York - DHI Johnson, T., Simpson, E., Bell, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Exploring the impact of magnetic fields related to submarine power cables on the American mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii: A behavioural and physiological perspective Jakubowska-Lehrmann, M., Makaras, T. , Normant-Saremba, M. Journal Article Attraction, Avoidance, EMF Invertebrates
ScotMER 7th Symposium 2025: Benthic Ecology Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Outlook on the development of eco-friendly offshore renewable energy technologies Sun, P., Jiang, Z., Chen, Y. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Impacts of offshore wind farms in the English Channel on larval dispersal and connectivity of benthic species using numerical modeling Ajmi, S., Boutet, M., Bennis, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
Zooplankton and offshore wind: Drifters in a sea of uncertainty Saba, G. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Water Quality
Prediction of operating offshore wind farms underwater noise from reanalysis of single point underwater noise measurement Firjatullah, M., Brodjonegoro, I., Bakti, F. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Habitat use and movements of Japanese spiny lobster (Panulirus japonicus) in a proposed offshore wind farm area: Implications for the coexistence of offshore wind energy development and coastal fisheries Sasaki, I., Matsumoto, Y., Takeda, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Offshore wind energy: assessing trace element inputs and the risks for co-location of aquaculture Watson, G., Banfield, G. , Watson, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Chemicals Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Effects of Offshore Wind Energy in the Gulf of Mexico: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs [Booklet] Severy, M., Farr, H., Richlen, M. Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Floating Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure Nielsen, K., Robertson, B., Sierman, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Inventory of technical performance and biodiversity on structures at the Offshore Test Site Barbé, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Marine growth sampling tool evaluation: evaluation of the performance of an ROV-mounted tool for sampling marine growth on Offshore energy structures Coolen, J., van der Weide, B., Bittner, O. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Invertebrates
Marine biodiversity related to establishment of offshore wind turbines: A case study from Kriegers Flak in the western Baltic Sea Dahl, K., Buur, H., Göke, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
South Fork Fisheries Monitoring Plan Acoustic Telemetry Monitoring Survey 2024 Annual Report Long, M., Bethoney, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
SFW01-0097 South Fork Fisheries Monitoring Plan WP4: Fish Pot Survey Year 4 Report Bethoney, N., Olsen, N., Stoltz, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report July 2023 to June 2024 Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Potential Future Impacts (2016–2055) of Offshore Wind Energy Development on the Atlantic Surfclam, Spisula solidissima, Fishery in the US Mid-Atlantic Bight Continental Shelf Moya, A., Powell, E., Sheld, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Scenarios for Replacing Conventional Energy With Offshore Renewable Energy Along the Central California Coast Ruttenberg, B., Wang, Y. , Walter, R. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Biofouling Management Best Practices in the Offshore Renewable Energy Sector: An Overview Heupel, E., Shumway, S., Durr, S. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Attraction Invertebrates
Integrating in situ environmental covariates in an American lobster catch model to improve impact assessment Rzeszowski, E., Reardon, K., Brady, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Short-term interactions of concrete, biofilm, and seawater in the submerged zone of marine environments for sustainable floating offshore wind turbines Margapuram, D., Salgues, M. , Lami, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Assessing the sustainability of Blue Economy activities using an ecosystem and life cycle-based approach: Possibilities, challenges and implications for an informed policy making De Luca Pena, L., Dewulf, J., Staes, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Offshore windfarm construction elevates metabolic rate and increases predation vulnerability of a key marine invertebrate Cones, S., Jézéquel, Y., Jarriel, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates
A review of benthic ecological surveying for marine renewable developments in Scottish waters Aquatera Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Going digital: challenges in monitoring marine megafauna when comparing results from visual and digital aerial surveys Quéroué, M., Authier, M., Besnard, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Wind energy and insects: reviewing the state of knowledge and identifying potential interactions Weschler, M., Tronstad, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Invertebrates
Interface Wave Contribution to Acoustic Particle Motion During Offshore Wind Farm Construction Potty, G., Miller, J., Lin, Y. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates
Displaying 41 - 80 of 895 results