Invertebrates

A broad term that encompasses both marine and terrestrial animals lacking a backbone.

Invertebrates are organisms that lack a backbone. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Benthic invertebrates typically live on the seafloor; common examples include cephalopods (squid, octopus, nautilus), crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters), and mollusks (clams, barnacles). Many benthic invertebrates serve as indicators of ecosystem health and are harvested commercially around the world. Invertebrates that may be found on land include insects, worms, and arachnids.

Electromagnetic fields, noise pollution, changes in flow, and other impacts from offshore developments may affect the health of some benthic invertebrates. Changes in water quality may also alter benthic habitats and the organisms that reside within them negatively. However, the addition of offshore wind energy and marine renewable energy’s subsea cables and support structures to the seafloor may also provide new habitat, potentially acting as artificial reefs and attracting benthic invertebrates. Invertebrates found on land, such as insects, may be attracted to land-based wind energy's lighting and as a result, may be at a heightened risk of collision. 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Invertebrates.

Total: 911

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
The Atlantic surfclam fishery and offshore wind energy development: 1. Model development and verification Munroe, D., Powell, E., Klinck, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Unravelling the ecological impacts of large-scale offshore wind farms in the Mediterranean Sea Lloret, J., Turiel, A., Solé, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism
Small suspension-feeding amphipods play a pivotal role in carbon dynamics around offshore man-made structures Mavraki, N., Coolen, J., Kapasakali, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
Wildlife and Offshore Wind Development US Wind Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Effects of pile driving sound playbacks and cadmium co-exposure on the early life stage development of the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus Stenton, C., Bolger, E., Michenot, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Noise Invertebrates
Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts Related to the Wind Farms End-of-Life Mello, G., Dias, M., Robaina, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Satellite-Based Lagrangian Model Reveals How Upwelling and Oceanic Circulation Shape Krill Hotspots in the California Current System Messie, M., Sancho-Gallegos, D., Fiechter, J. Journal Article Invertebrates
Annual environmental report 2021 – Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Can artificial magnetic fields alter the functional role of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis? Albert, L., Maire, O., Olivier, F. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Lobster Ventless Trap, Black Sea Bass, Plankton 2021 Survey Season Annual Report Stokesbury, K., Cassidy, K., Lowery, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates
Larval Lobster Abundance Survey of the VW1 Study Area 2021 Survey Season Annual Report Stokesbury, K., Cassidy, K., Lowery, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
The Effects of Anthropogenic Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) on the Early Development of Two Commercially Important Crustaceans, European Lobster, Homarus gammarus (L.) and Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.) Harsanyi, P., Scott, K., Easton, B. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Suitability for the development of flat oyster populations in new offshore wind farm zones and two search areas for restoration projects in the Dutch section of the North Sea Duren, L., Kamermans, P., Kleissen, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Comments on the March 22, 2022 Study Outcomes from Conservation Biology Institute Project Workshop Flick, P., Kelly, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Sunrise Wind COP Appendix AA1: Fisheries and Benthic Monitoring Plan Sunrise Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Artificial hard-substrate colonisation in the offshore Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Karlsson, R., Tivefälth, M., Duranović, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Supplemental Data Regarding the Behavioral Response of Rock Crabs to the EMF of Subsea Cables and Potential Impact to Fisheries Williams, J., Jaco, E., Scholz, Z. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Environmental Data Catalog for the Morro Bay Wind Energy Area Johnson, C., Currier, C., Howar, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles
Supporting National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Offshore Wind Energy Development Related to High Voltage Direct Current Cooling Systems Middleton, P., Barnhart, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Year 1 Interim Report SFW01-0097 Fisheries Monitoring Plan WP1: Gillnet Monitoring Plan Bethoney, N., Ellertson, A., Inglis, S. Report Wind Energy Fish, Invertebrates
Demersal fish and invertebrate catches relative to construction and operation of North America's first offshore wind farm Wilber, D., Brown, L., Griffin, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Co-existence in practice: a collaborative study of the effects of the Westermost Rough offshore wind development on the size distribution and catch rates of a commercially important lobster (Homarus gammarus) population Roach, M., Revill, A., Johnson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Establishing an Agenda for Biofouling Research for the Development of the Marine Renewable Energy Industry in Indonesia Iswadi, A., Porter, J., Bell, M. Journal Article Marine Energy Attraction Invertebrates
Climate change effects on the ecophysiology and ecological functioning of an offshore wind farm artificial hard substrate community Voet, H., van Colen, C., Vanaverbeke, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions
Environmental Effects from Wave Power: Artificial Reefs and Incidental No-take Zones Bender, A. Thesis Marine Energy, Wave Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Scour and Cable Protection Decommissioning Study Peritus International Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment
The reef effect induced by wind farms and their grid connection Couturier, L., Lecaillon, G., Lenfant, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
ORJIP Ocean Energy Information Note: Electromagnetic Field Emissions Offshore Renewables Joint Industry Programme (ORJIP) Report Marine Energy EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Benthic Disturbance from Offshore Wind Foundations, Anchors, and Cables Severy, M., Oteri, F., Green, R. Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
A scientific study recommends excluding and moving offshore wind farms away from the protected areas in the Mediterranean Universitat de Barcelona, University of Girona Magazine Article Wind Energy Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism
A risk-based method to prioritize cumulative impacts assessment on marine biodiversity and research policy for offshore wind farms in France Brignon, J., Lejart, M., Nexer, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Tidal GES - A transition to affordable and clean energy that can achieve ‘Good Environmental Status’ in coastal and marine waters Power, A. , Lambert, E. , Hynes, S. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
SafeWAVE Deliverable 4.4 Use cases and profiles Leitão, J., Cardoso, S., Santos, H. Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Offshore wind energy development: Research priorities for sound and vibration effects on fishes and aquatic invertebrates Popper, A., Hice-Dunton, L., Jenkins, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates
Underwater Noise Effects on Marine Life Associated with Offshore Wind Farms Green, R., Mahon, A., Hein, C. Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Preliminary Data Aggregation and Analysis of the Effects on Fish, Marine Mammals, and other Marine Organisms, and the Habitats that Support them, from a Proposed Offshore Wind Farm off the Coast of Grays Harbor, Washington Severy, M., Overhus, D., Tugade, L. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Optimizing Shellfish Aquaculture for Multi-Use Spaces Within Offshore Wind Farms in the Dutch North Sea Paulson, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Multi-use platforms at sea: A sustainable solution for aquaculture and biodiversity Demmer, J., Lewis, M., Neill, S. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
SFW01-0097 South Fork Fisheries Monitoring Plan WP4: Fish Pot Survey Year 1 Report Bethoney, N., Heimann, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Environmental Effects Monitoring Program Annual Report 2021 Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates
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