Invertebrates

A broad term that encompasses both marine and terrestrial animals lacking a backbone.

Invertebrates are organisms that lack a backbone. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Benthic invertebrates typically live on the seafloor; common examples include cephalopods (squid, octopus, nautilus), crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters), and mollusks (clams, barnacles). Many benthic invertebrates serve as indicators of ecosystem health and are harvested commercially around the world. Invertebrates that may be found on land include insects, worms, and arachnids.

Electromagnetic fields, noise pollution, changes in flow, and other impacts from offshore developments may affect the health of some benthic invertebrates. Changes in water quality may also alter benthic habitats and the organisms that reside within them negatively. However, the addition of offshore wind energy and marine renewable energy’s subsea cables and support structures to the seafloor may also provide new habitat, potentially acting as artificial reefs and attracting benthic invertebrates. Invertebrates found on land, such as insects, may be attracted to land-based wind energy's lighting and as a result, may be at a heightened risk of collision. 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents Related to Invertebrates

Total results: 764
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Long-Term Succession on Offshore Wind Farms and the Role of Species Interactions Zupan, M., Rumes, B., Vanaverbeke, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Invertebrates
Wozep Ecological Programme: Update Wozep 2023 Offshore Wind Ecological Programme (Wozep) Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Sound sensitivity of the giant scallop (Placopecten magelanicus) is life stage, intensity, and frequency dependent Jézéquel, Y., Cones, S., Mooney, T. Journal Article Noise Invertebrates
Zooplankton Survey for Regional Fisheries Monitoring in Southern New England Offshore Wind Development Turner, J., Weig, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Potential Repercussions of Offshore Wind Energy Development in the Northeast United States for the Atlantic Surfclam Survey and Population Assessment Borsetti, S., Munroe, D., Scheld, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Functional trait responses to different anthropogenic pressures Festjens, F., Buyse, J., De Backer, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Benthic and Epifaunal Monitoring During Operation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island: Technical Report: Year 4 Erickson, R., Kelly, C., Fonseca, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Evaluating Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Development on Fishing Operations by Comparing Fine- and Coarse-Scale Fishery-Dependent Data Allen-Jacobson, L., Jones, A., Mercer, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Assessing the impacts of anthropogenic sounds on early stages of benthic invertebrates: The “Larvosonic system” Olivier, F., Gigot, M, Mathias, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates
Larval Lobster and Fish Neuston Net Survey for Regional Fisheries Monitoring in Southern New England Offshore Wind Development Stokesbury, K., Cassidy, K., Lowery, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates
Revolution Wind COP Appendix Q1: Offshore Electric- and Magnetic- Field Assessment Exponent Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions
Data on benthic species assemblages and seafloor sediment characteristics in an offshore windfarm in the southeastern North Sea Teschke, K., Gusky, M., Gutow, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Organic matter processing in a [simulated] offshore wind farm ecosystem in current and future climate and aquaculture scenarios Voet, H., Vlaminck, E., van Colen, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions
Developing Parametric Source Functions for Wave Energy Converters Polagye, B., Bassett, C., Abadi, S. Research Study Marine Energy, Wave Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Environmental Impact Assessment
Biological Effects of Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields from 0 to 100 MHz on Fauna and Flora: Workshop Report Pophof, B., Henschenmacher, B., Kattnig, D. Journal Article Wind Energy EMF Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Supporting National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Offshore Wind Energy Development Related to Heat from Buried Transmission Cables Middleton, P., Barnhart, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Probabilistic Assessment and Comparison of Scour Protections at Horns Rev 3 and Egmond aan Zee Offshore Wind Farms Chambel, J., Fazeres-Ferradosa, T., Figueiredo, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Sunrise Wind Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Literature Review on Barrier Effects, Ghost Fishing, and Electromagnetic Fields for Floating Windfarms Williamson, L. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Displacement, EMF, Entanglement Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Ecosystem Benefits of Floating Offshore Wind Haberlin, D., Cohuo, A., Doyle, T. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
U.S. Pacific Coast Workshop Report on Preconstruction Research Recommendations Green, R., Severy, M., Hein, C. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions
Low-Carbon, Nature-Inclusive Concrete Gravity-Based Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines Fried, S., Ozkan, D., Halldén, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Commercial cuttlefish exposed to noise from offshore windmill construction show short-range acoustic trauma Solé, M., De Vreese, S., Fortuno, J-M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates
SUIVI DE LA QUALITE DE L’EAU, DES HABITATS ET PEUPLEMENTS BENTHIQUES: PARC EOLIEN EN MER DE SAINT-NAZAIRE PHASE CONSTRUCTION 2022 Tertre, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Eukaryotic diversity of marine biofouling from coastal to offshore areas Portas, A., Quillienn, N., Culioli, J. Journal Article Marine Energy Chemicals Invertebrates
A comprehensive overview of environmental footprints of water desalination and alleviation strategies Shokri, A., Fard, M. Journal Article Marine Energy Chemicals, Entanglement Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions
Understanding Economic Impacts to the Commercial Surfclam Fishing Industry from Offshore Wind Energy Development Munroe, D., Powell, E., Klinck, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Clean Energy from the Ocean: Measuring the Environmental Footprint of Devices Rose, D., Gunn, C., Hemery, L. Magazine Article Marine Energy Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs SEER, Green, R., Hein, C. Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles
Current state of knowledge Electromagnetic fields: Electromagnetic fields and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive Descriptor 11 Energy Hermans, A., Schilt, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Operation of a tidal turbine from a moored vessel in Agate Pass, WA Bassett, C. Presentation Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions
Influence of coating type, colour, and deployment timing on biofouling by native and non-native species in a marine renewable energy context Nall, C., Schläppy, M., Cottier-Cook, E. Journal Article Marine Energy Attraction Invertebrates
Pile driving repeatedly impacts the giant scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) Jézéquel, Y., Cones, S., Jensen, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates
2020 Drop Camera Survey of Benthic Communities and Substrate in the 501N Study Area and an adjacent Control Area (Vineyard Wind) Stokesbury, K., Riley, C., Lego, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Seabed morphology and bed shear stress predict temperate reef habitats in a high energy marine region Jackson-Bué, T., Williams, G., Whitton, T. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Prinses Amalia Windturbine park 2022 Leewis, L., Klink, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Sunrise Wind Construction and Operations Plan Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
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