Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2812

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Turbine Collision Mortality in the White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla Heuck, C., Herrmann, C., Wendt, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Attracted to the outside: a meso-scale response pattern of lesser black-backed gulls at an offshore wind farm revealed by GPS telemetry Vanermen, N., Courtens, W., Daelemans, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Identifying Birds' Collision Risk with Wind Turbines Using a Multidimensional Utilization Distribution Method Khosravifard, S., Skidmore, A., Naimi, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Revolution Wind COP Appendix K: Onshore Natural Resources and Biological Assessment Vanasse Hangen Brustlin Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Physical Environment
Learning from Real-World Experience to Understand Renewable Energy Impacts to Wildlife Conkling, T., Vander Zanden, H., Poessel, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Assessing population‐level consequences of anthropogenic stressors for terrestrial wildlife Katzner, T., Braham, M., Conkling, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Revolution Wind COP Appendix AA: Assessment of the Potential Effects of the Revolution Wind Offshore Wind Farm on Birds and Bats Biodiversity Research Institute Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Assessing fatality risk of bats at offshore wind turbines Lagerveld, S., Noort, C., Meesters, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Effects of Wind Turbine Curtailment on Bird and Bat Fatalities Smallwood, K., Bell, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
The State of the Science on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy Development: Workshop Proceedings Gulka, J., Williams, K. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Using results from avian tracking studies to inform assessments of offshore wind energy areas in the US Atlantic Loring, P., Spiegel, C. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Using radar technology to assess visual monitoring accuracy of Cape Vulture movements Becker, F., Millikin, R., Leslie, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Potential environmental impacts of wind energy development: A global perspective Nazir, M., Ali, N., Bilal, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes
Estimates of aerial vertebrate mortality at wind farms in a bird migration corridor and bat diversity hotspot Cabrera-Cruz, S., Cervantes-Pasqualli, J., Franquesa-Soler, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
“Seas of risk”: Assessing the threats to colonial-nesting seabirds in Eastern Canada Lieske, D., Tranquilla, L., Ronconi, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Optimal strategies for wind turbine environmental curtailment Rogers, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
Landscape anthropization shapes the survival of a top avian scavenger Arrondo, E., Sanz-Aguilar, A., Perez-Garcia, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
JNCC Report No. 637: Red-Throated Diver Energetics Project 2019 Field Season Report O'Brien, S., Ruffino, L., Johnson, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Ecological impact of decommissioning offshore wind farms Teunis, M., Collier, M., Bakker, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Predicting strike susceptibility and collision patterns of the common buzzard at wind turbine structures in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany Bose, A., Durr, T., Klenke, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Impacts of climate change on seabirds, relevant to the coastal and marine environment around the UK Mitchell, I., Daunt, F., Frederiksen, M. Report Marine Energy Birds, Seabirds
Wind energy development and wildlife conservation in Lithuania: A mapping tool for conflict assessment Morkune, R., Marčiukaitis, M., Jurkin, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Bats, Birds
Identifying important at-sea areas for seabirds using species distribution models and hotspot mapping Cleasby, I., Owen, E., Wilson, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Ecological costs of climate change on marine predator–prey population distributions by 2050 Sadykova, D., Scott, B., De Dominicis, M. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Summary of Activities and the Results of Ornithological Monitoring in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds, 2019 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Wind turbines cause functional habitat loss for migratory soaring birds Marques, A.,, Santos, C., Hanssen, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Raptors
Red-throated Diver Energetics Project: Preliminary Results from 2018/19 Duckworth, J., Green, J., Daunt, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Seasonal Difference in Carcass Persistence Rates at Wind Farms with Snow, Hokkaido, Japan Kitano, M., Ino, M., Smallwood, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Better linking effects of offshore windfarms on black-legged kittiwakes to populations Black, J., Ruffino, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Machine learning applied to wind turbine blades impact detection Hu, C., Albertani, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Developments in understanding of red-throated diver responses to offshore wind farms in marine Special Protection Areas Allen, S., Banks, A., Caldow, R. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Waterfowl
Impactos ambientales de los parques eólicos y líneas de transmisión de energía sobre la biodiversidad de áreas protegidas del departamento de la Guajira-Colombia Garavito-Terrez, L Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Environmental Effects Monitoring Program Annual Report 2019 Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Report Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Guía de buenas prácticas para el desarrollo eólico en Argentina: Gestión de impactos de aves y murciélagos Ministerio de Hacienda de Argentina Guidance Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Eagle Conservation Plan for the Goodnoe Hills Wind Facility Klickitat County, Washington Western Ecosystems Technology Inc (WEST) Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Development of a 'Seabird Sensitivity Mapping Tool for Scotland’ Searle, K., Butler, A., Mobbs, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Draft Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind Energy consultation APS Group Scotland Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Better estimates of collision mortality to black-legged kittiwakes at offshore windfarms Black, J., Cook, A., Anderson, O. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Wind turbine noise limits propagation of greater prairiechicken boom chorus, but does it matter? Whalen, C., Brown, M., McGee, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Displaying 1001 - 1040 of 2812 results