Skip to main content

Birds

Birds - Seagull
A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2836

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector WWF France Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Skookumchuck Wind Energy Project Proposed Habitat Conservation Plan and Incidental Take Permit for Marbled Murrelet, Bald Eagle, and Golden Eagle Lewis and Thurston Counties, Washington: Final Environmental Impact Statement Anchor QEA Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Attraction of nocturnally migrating birds to artificial light: The influence of colour, intensity and blinking mode under different cloud cover conditions Rebke, M., Dierschke, V., Weiner, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Lighting Birds
Final License Application for the PacWave South Project Oregon State University Report Marine Energy, Wave Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Navigation
Landscape Factors Affecting Foraging Flight Altitudes of Great Blue Heron in Maine; Relevance to Wind Energy Development Dolinski, L. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Shorebirds
Wozep Ecological Programme: Tussenstand Wozep 2019 WOZEP Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Localised anthropogenic wake generates a predictable foraging hotspot for top predators Lieber, L., Nimmo-Smith, W., Waggitt, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Changes in Flow Birds, Seabirds
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Winter 2018-2019 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Review of the potential of seabird colony monitoring to inform monitoring programmes for consented offshore wind farm projects Cook, A., Humphreys, E., Robinson, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Effects of development of wind energy and associated changes in land use on bird densities in upland areas Fernández‐Bellon, D., Wilson, M., Irwin, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Tracking Offshore Occurrence of Common Terns, Endangered Roseate Terns, and Threatened Piping Plovers with VHF Arrays Loring, P., Paton, P., McLaren, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds
Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Deuel Harvest North Wind Farm Deuel County, South Dakota Simon, S., Welch-Acosta, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Bats
Estimating the Potential Mortality of Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus) Due to Wind Energy Development on the Island of Crete (Greece) Xirouchakis, S., Armeni, E., Nikolopoulou, S. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Estimating Potential Costs of Cumulative Barrier Effects on Migrating Raptors: A Case Study Using Global Positioning System Tracking in Japan Kikuchi, D., Nakahara, T., Kitamura, W. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Raptors
Automatic Bird Identification for Offshore Wind Farms Niemi, J., Tanttu, J. Book Chapter Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Camera-Trapping Versus Conventional Methodology in the Assessment of Carcass Persistence for Fatality Estimation at Wind Farms Rosa, L., Neves, T., Vieira, D. Book Chapter Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Wind Farm Effects on Migratory Flight of Swans and Foraging Distribution at Their Stopover Site Moriguchi, S., Mukai, H., Komachi, R. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Shorebirds
Assess risk of individual turbines to Golden Eagles Miller, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Hywind Tampen PUD del II – Konsekvensutredning Equinor Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries
Future Directions in Conservation Research on Petrels and Shearwaters Rodríguez, A., Arcos, J., Bretagnolle, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
Floating Offshore Wind Energy Technology: Innovation to Commercialization Northeastern University Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
2018 Post - Construction Monitoring Study Black Oak Getty Wind Project Stearns County, Minnesota Pickle, J., Lombardi, J., Stucker, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
2018 Post-Construction Monitoring Study Red Pine Wind Energy Facility Lincoln County, Minnesota Trana, M., Hyzy, B., Pickle, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Modeling spatiotemporal abundance of mobile wildlife in highly variable environments using boosted GAMLSS hurdle models Smith, A., Hofner, B., Lamb, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Review of Raptor Sections of the Bluestone Wind Avian Risk Assessment Miller, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Avoidance Behaviour of Migrating Raptors Approaching an Offshore Wind Farm Jacobsen, E., Jensen, F., Blew, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Raptors
Review of the migratory movements of Shelduck to inform understanding of potential interactions with the offshore wind farms in the southern North Sea Green, R., Burton, N, Cook, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Waterfowl
Billia Croo Test Site: Environmental Statement European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) Report Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Resource selection and wintering phenology of White-winged Scoters in southern New England: Implications for offshore wind energy development Meattey, D., McWilliams, S., Paton, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results of Lease Area OCS-A 0512, Annual Report: November 2017 to October 2018 Jervis, L., Warford, S., Goulding, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results Equinor Wind US, LLC Annex I: Summer 2016 – Spring 2017 Jervis, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Effectiveness of a mitigation measure for the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) in wind farms in Spain Pescador, M., Ramírez, J., Peris, S. Journal Article Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results, Annex 1: Summer 2016 to Spring 2017 Jervis, L., Warford, S., Goulding, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Via Pontica-Myth and Reality for Birds and Wind Turbines Manev, T., Zehtindjiev, P. Guidance Wind Energy Birds
Operational offshore wind farms and associated ship traffic cause profound changes in distribution patterns of Loons (Gavia spp.) Mendel, B., Schwemmer, P., Peschko, V. Journal Article Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
New Creek Wind Project 2018 Post-construction Monitoring Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Comments on the Call for Information and Nominations for Commercial Leasing for Wind Power Development on the Outer Continental Shelf Offshore California Aylesworth, S., Krop, L., George, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Scottish Waters East Region Regional Sectoral Marine Plan Strategic Ornithology Study: final report Searle, K., Butler, A., Mobbs, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Considerations for Upscaling Individual Effects of Wind Energy Development Towards Population-Level Impacts on Wildlife May, R., Masden, E., Bennet, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment

Displaying 1121 - 1160 of 2836 results