Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2731

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Automated monitoring for birds in flight: Proof of concept with eagles at a wind power facility McClure, C., Marinson, L., Allison, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Icebreaker Wind Aerial Survey Waterbird Report Stucker, J., Carlisle, J., Pham, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Impactos ambientales de la energía eólica Hernández Galvez, G, Pampillón González, L, Hernández Almenares, L Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Resolving environmental effects of wind energy Sinclair, K., Copping, A., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Environmental Sensitivity and Associated Risk to Habitats and Species Offshore Central California and Hawaii from Offshore Floating Wind Technologies Morandi, A., Berkman, S., Rowe, J. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Improving estimation of flight altitude in wildlife telemetry studies Poessel, S., Duerr, A., Hall, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Wind farms affect the occurrence, abundance and population trends of small passerine birds: The case of the Dupont's lark Gomez-Catasus, J., Garza, V., Traba, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Passerines, Birds
Cape Vulture and Wind Farms: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation Pfeiffer, M., Ralston-Paton, S. Guidance Wind Energy Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Behaviour related flight speeds of Sandwich Terns and their implications for wind farm collision rate modelling and impact assessment Fijn, R., Gyimesi, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Seabirds, Birds
Modelling golden eagle habitat selection and flight activity in their home ranges for safer wind farm planning Tikkanen, H., Rytkönen, S., Karlin, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Supergen Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) Hub Greaves, D. Research Study Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results of Lease Area OCS-A 0512 Equinor Quarterly Report: February 2018 to April 2018 Jervis, L., Warford, S., Willmott, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Fixed Point Raptor Migration Survey at the National Wind Technology Center: April 2010 Ryon, T., Brenda, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
South Fork Wind Farm COP Appendix Q: Avian and Bat Risk Assessment Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Seabirds
Potential biological removal of white-tailed eagles and its application to environmental impact assessment for wind farms in Japan Matsuda, H., Tani, K., Shimada, Y. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
How many observation days are needed to reliably describe bird migration? Tanskanen, A., Yrjola, R., Baum, U. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Hywind Tampen vindpark. Vurdering av konsekvenser for sjøfugl. Moe, B., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Follestad, A. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Modeling At-Sea Density of Marine Birds to Support Atlantic Marine Renewable Energy Planning Winship, A., Kinlan, B., White, T. Report Marine Energy Birds
A review of searcher efficiency and carcass persistence in infrastructure-driven mortality assessment studies Barrientos, R., Martins, R., Ascensão, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
Enabling Future Arrays in Tidal: Y1 Environmental Monitoring Report Smith, K., Simpson, N. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Effects of wind farms on the spatial distribution of Guillemots Zuur, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Short-Term Behavioural Responses of Wintering Waterbirds to Marine Activity Jarrett, D., Cook, A., Woodward, I. Report Avoidance, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Impact of wind farms on soaring bird populations at a migratory bottleneck Martin, B., Perez-Bacalu, C., Onrubia, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
The Ornithodolite as a tool to quantify animal space use and habitat selection: a case study with birds diving in tidal waters Cole, E., Waggitt, J., Hedenstrom, A. Journal Article Marine Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Is bird conservation a barrier to wind energy? Aversa, I., Polizel, J., Montaño, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Field validation of radar systems for monitoring bird migration Nilsson, C., Dokter, A., Schmid, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Shorebird Staging and Migratory Movements at Chaplin and Reed Lakes, Saskatchewan, with Implications for Wind Energy Development Howell, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Shorebirds, Birds
Inventory and assessment of models and methods used for describing quantifying and assessing cumulative effects of offshore wind farms van Oostveen, M., Sierdsma, F., Kwakkel, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
The utility of point count surveys to predict wildlife interactions with wind energy facilities: An example focused on golden eagles Sur, M., Belhoff, J., Bjerre, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
MegaRoller Apolonia, M., Simas, T. Research Study Marine Energy, Wave Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Predicting Migratory Corridors of White Storks, Ciconia ciconia, to Enhance Sustainable Wind Energy Planning: A Data-Driven Agent-Based Model Oloo, F., Safi, K., Aryal, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Flight Response to Spatial and Temporal Correlates Informs Risk from Wind Turbines to the California Condor Poessel, S., Brandt, J., Mendenhall, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Opportunistically collected data reveal habitat selection by migrating Whooping Cranes in the US Northern Plains Niemuth, N., Ryba, A., Pearse, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Estimating wind turbine fatalities using integrated detection trials Smallwood, K. Shawn, Bell, D., Walther, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
A Stochastic Collision Risk Model for Seabirds in Flight McGregor, R., King, S., Donovan, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Ecological Impact of Airborne Wind Energy Technology: Current State of Knowledge and Future Research Agenda Bruinzeel, L., Klop, E., Brenninkmeijer, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy Collision Birds
ORJIP Bird Collision and Avoidance Study Skov, H., Heinänen, S., Norman, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Bird Collisions at Wind Turbines in a Mountainous Area Related to Bird Movement Intensities Measured by Radar Aschwanden, J., Stark, H., Peter, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Passerines, Birds
Monitoring of wintering geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm "St. Nikola" territory and the Kaliakra region in winter 2017/2018 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Land-Based Wind Birds, Waterfowl
Wind Turbine Sensor Array for Monitoring Avian and Bat Collisions Hu, C., Albertani, R., Suryan, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Bats
Displaying 1121 - 1160 of 2731 results