Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2731

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Associations of Synoptic Weather Conditions With Nocturnal Bird Migration Over the North Sea Manola, I., Bradaric, M., Groenland, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
The Wildlife Sensitivity Mapping Manual: Practical guidance for renewable energy planning in the European Union Allinson, T., Jobson, B., Crowe, O. Guidance Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Marine Mammals
New York Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) Meeting Summary – 5 October 2020 Gulka, J. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Parc éolien en mer de Saint-Nazaire – Suivi de l’avifaune et de la mégafaune marine: Société Parc du Banc de Guérande Octobre 2020 Biotope Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: February 2020 Jervis, L., Arundale, M., Warford, S. Report Birds, Marine Mammals
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: December 2019 Goulding, A., Arundale, M., Warford, S. Report Birds, Marine Mammals
Factors affecting carcass detection at wind farms using dogs and human searchers del Valle, J., Peralta, F., Arjona, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: March 2020 Jervis, L., Arundale, M., Warford, S. Report Birds, Marine Mammals
Limited accessibility and bias in wildlife-wind energy knowledge: A bilingual systematic review of a globally distributed bird group Fernandez-Bellon, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: January 2020 Jervis, L., Arundale, M., Warford, S. Report Birds, Marine Mammals
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: April Surveys I & II 2020 Jervis, L., Glew St. John, K., Arundale, M. Report Birds, Marine Mammals
2020 State of the Science Report - Chapter 3: Collision Risk for Animals around Turbines Sparling, C., Seitz, A., Masden, E. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World Copping, A., Hemery, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Block Island Wind Farm Beached Bird Survey – Final Summary Report 2019 Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Stakeholder Workshop: Scientific Research Framework to Understand the Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Birds and Bats in the Eastern United States New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects HT Harvey and Associates Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Efficacy of different types of "bird flight diverter" in reducing bird mortality due to collision with transmission power lines Ferrer, M., Morandini, V., Baumbusch, R. Journal Article Collision Birds
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Sixth Interim Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Satellite telemetry and digital aerial surveys show strong displacement of red-throated divers (Gavia stellata) from offshore wind farms Heinänen, S., Zydelis, R., Kleinschmidt, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
An evaluation of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines in the Northeastern United States Choi, D., Wittig, T., Kluever, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Seabird Survey Designs for the East Coast of Scotland Donovan, C., Caneco, B. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Effect of wind farms on wintering ducks at an important wintering ground in China along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway Zhao, S., Xu, H., Song, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Waterfowl
Testing and Evaluation of "SafeWind" A Bird Protection System Soni, B., Loske, K., Lackmann, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations Horwath, S., Hassrick, J., Grismala, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Reptiles
Assessing the effects of tidal stream marine renewable energy on seabirds: A conceptual framework Isaksson, N., Masden, E., Williamson, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Sex‐specific effects of wind on the flight decisions of a sexually dimorphic soaring bird Clay, T., Joo, R., Weimerskirch, H. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
Resource selection of apex raptors: implications for siting energy development in sagebrush and prairie ecosystems Squires, J., Olson, L., Wallace, Z. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Fifth Interim Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
How to strive for balance of coastal wind energy development with waterbird conservation in the important coastal wetlands, a case study in the Chongming Islands of East China Li, B., Yuan, X., Chen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Final Report on the Impacts of Wind Energy Development on Birds in the Region of Kaliakra, Bulgaria (Activity 3) Schindler, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Identifying areas of wetland and wind turbine overlap in the south-central Great Plains of North America Heintzman, L., Auerbach, E., Kilborn, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Scoping Study: Regional Population Viability Analysis for Key Bird Species CR/2016/16 Searle, K., Butler, A., Bogdanova, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Attributing seabirds at sea to appropriate breeding colonies and populations Butler, A., Carroll, M., Searle, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Improving estimates of seabird body mass survival relationships Daunt, F., Fang, Z., Howells, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Paint it black: Efficacy of increased wind turbine rotor blade visibility to reduce avian fatalities May, R., Nygård, T., Falkdalen, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
Telemetry reveals strong effects of offshore wind farms on behaviour and habitat use of common guillemots (Uria aalge) during the breeding season Peschko, V., Mercker, M., Garthe, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
On a collision course? The large diversity of birds killed by wind turbines in South Africa Perold, V., Ralston-Paton, S., Ryan, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
SAINT-NAZAIRE Bilan environnemental annuel 2020 Parc éolien en mer de Saint-Nazaire Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals
Unpacking the eagle collision risk model: practical guidance for wind energy Evans, M., Sporer, M., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Sex- but not age-biased wind turbine collision mortality in the White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla Heuck, C., Herrmann, C., Wendt, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Displaying 841 - 880 of 2731 results