Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2812

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Interim Guidance on apportioning impacts from marine renewable developments to breeding seabird populations in SPAs Scottish Natural Heritage Guidance Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Monitoring of the migration of birds through the territory of the Integrated System for Protection of Birds Аutumn 2018 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Nocturnal flight activity of northern gannets Morus bassanus and implications for modelling collision risk at offshore wind farms Furness, R., Garthe, S., Trinder, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Behavioral accommodation of nesting hawks to wind turbines Watson, J., Keren, I., Davies, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Raptors
State of the World's Raptors: Distributions, Threats, and Conservation Recommendations McClure, C., Westrip, J., Johnson, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
A review of the occurrence of inter‐colony segregation of seabird foraging areas and the implications for marine environmental impact assessment Bolton, M., Conolly, G., Carroll, M. Journal Article Seabirds, Birds
Use of an optical rangefinder to assess the reliability of seabird flight heights from boat‐based surveyors: implications for collision risk at offshore wind farms Harwood, A., Perrow, M., Berridge, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Ornithology ScotMER Receptor Group Scottish Government Webpage Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
The auditory attributes of Golden Eagles: Do Golden (Aquila chrysaetos) and Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) share the same auditory space? Walsh, E., Nelson, P., Ponder, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Complex behaviour in complex terrain - Modelling bird migration in a high resolution wind field across mountainous terrain to simulate observed patterns Aurbach, A., Schmid, B., Liechti, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Passerines
Midterm Evaluation WOZEP 2018 Mulder, S., van Mastrigt, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
U.S. Geological Survey energy and wildlife research annual report for 2018 Khalil, M. Report Wind Energy Terrestrial Mammals, Fish, Birds, Bats
JWGBIRD Report 2018: Report of the Joint OSPAR/HELCOM/ICES Working Group on Marine Birds (JWGBIRD) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Using radar data to evaluate seabird abundance and habitat use at the Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy site near Parrsboro, NS Walker, J. Report Birds, Seabirds
Assessing bird avoidance of high-contrast lights using a choice test approach: implications for reducing human-induced avian mortality Goller, B., Blackwell, B., DeVault, T. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Lighting Birds
The consequences of seabird habitat loss from offshore wind turbines: a research plan for five selected species van Kooten, T., Soudijn, F., Leopold, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Pilot field study: observations from a fixed platform on occurrence and behaviour of common guillemots and other seabirds in offshore wind farm Luchterduinen Leopold, M., Verdaat, H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Evaluating a Commercial-Ready Technology for Raptor Detection and Deterrence at a Wind Energy Facility in California Terrill, S., Howell, J., Smith, J. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
No evidence of long-term displacement of key wildlife species from wave and tidal energy testing Long, C. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Cumulative Adverse Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Wildlife [Thesis] Goodale, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Potential Interaction Analysis of Offshore Wind Energy Areas and Breeding Avian Species on the US Mid-Atlantic Coast Wisman, J., Maxwell, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Movement patterns of white‐tailed sea eagles near wind turbines Krone, O., Treu, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Assessing space use by pre-breeding white-tailed eagles in the context of wind-energy development in Finland Balotari-Chiebao, F., Brommer, J., Saurola, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Evaluating habitat, prey, and mesopredator associations in a community of marine birds Goyert, H., Gardner, B., Veit, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Quantifying avian avoidance of offshore wind turbines: Current evidence and key knowledge gaps Cook, A., Humphreys, E., Bennet, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Modeling golden eagle‐vehicle collisions to design mitigation strategies Lonsdorf, E., Sanders-Reed, C., Boal, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Golden Eagle Conservation Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility Ocotillo Express Guidance Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Automated monitoring for birds in flight: Proof of concept with eagles at a wind power facility McClure, C., Marinson, L., Allison, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Using network analysis to identify indicator species and reduce collision fatalities at wind farms Sebastian-Gonzalez, E., Perez-Garcia, J., Carrete, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Estimating Seabird Flight Height using LiDAR Cook, A., Ward, R., Hansen, W. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Trialling a Seabird Sensitivity Mapping Tool for Marine Renewable Energy Developments in Ireland Burke, B. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Tidal Energy Demonstration Site – Minas Passage, Year‐2: 2017 – 2018 Stewart, P., Kendall, V., Lavender, F. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Seabirds
Icebreaker Wind Aerial Survey Waterbird Report Stucker, J., Carlisle, J., Pham, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Impactos ambientales de la energía eólica Hernández Galvez, G, Pampillón González, L, Hernández Almenares, L Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Resolving environmental effects of wind energy Sinclair, K., Copping, A., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Modelling golden eagle habitat selection and flight activity in their home ranges for safer wind farm planning Tikkanen, H., Rytkönen, S., Karlin, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Supergen Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) Hub Greaves, D. Research Study Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results of Lease Area OCS-A 0512 Equinor Quarterly Report: February 2018 to April 2018 Jervis, L., Warford, S., Willmott, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Environmental Sensitivity and Associated Risk to Habitats and Species Offshore Central California and Hawaii from Offshore Floating Wind Technologies Morandi, A., Berkman, S., Rowe, J. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Wind farms affect the occurrence, abundance and population trends of small passerine birds: The case of the Dupont's lark Gomez-Catasus, J., Garza, V., Traba, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Passerines, Birds
Displaying 1161 - 1200 of 2812 results