Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2812

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Better estimates of collision mortality to black-legged kittiwakes at offshore windfarms Black, J., Cook, A., Anderson, O. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Wind turbine noise limits propagation of greater prairiechicken boom chorus, but does it matter? Whalen, C., Brown, M., McGee, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Investigating the foraging ecology of black guillemots Cepphus grylle in relation to tidal stream turbines and marine protected areas Johnston, D. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Seabirds
Avian vulnerability to wind farm collision through the year: insights from Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) tracked from multiple breeding colonies Thaxter, C., Ross-Smith, V., Bouten, W. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Green Electricity Corridors in Europe: Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM): Status, roadblocks, and ways forward Ecofirst, Renewables Grid Initiative Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Monitoring of the migration of birds through the territory of the Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Аutumn 2019 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
B-Finder System: 24 Month Test Report for T-Series Przybycin, P., Przybycin, M., Przybycin, J. Report Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Spatial and temporal distribution of different age classes of seabirds in the North Sea Potiek, A., Vanermen, N., Middelveld, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Project Environmental Monitoring Plan: Kincardine Offshore Windfarm Project October 2019 Kincardine Offshore Wind Ltd Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Collision risk of Montagu's Harriers Circus pygargus with wind turbines derived from high‐resolution GPS tracking Schaub, T., Klaassen, R., Bouten, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Breeding home range movements of pre-fledged brolga chicks, Antigone rubicunda (Gruidae) in Victoria, Australia – Implications for wind farm planning and conservation Cook, S., Palmer, G., Hill, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Validation of a bird radar system: A guidance document Beuker, D., Bravo Rebolledo, E., Gyimesi, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Monitoring of spring bird migration in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds 2019 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
A long‐term assessment of raptor displacement at a wind farm Dohm, R., Jennelle, C., Garvin, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Raptors
Effects of wind turbine noise on the surrounding soundscape in the context of greater-prairie chicken courtship vocalizations Whalen, C., Brown, M., McGee, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Monitoring radar performance data collection and data quality Leemans, J., Gyimesi, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Matches and Mismatches Between Seabird Distributions Estimated From At-Sea Surveys and Concurrent Individual-Level Tracking Carroll, M., Wakefield, E., Scragg, E. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
U.S. Geological Survey energy and wildlife research annual report for 2019 Khalil, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Terrestrial Mammals
Persistence and spatial distribution of Black Grouse in east Alpine wind farms: a contribution to the "wind power versus black grouse protection" debate in Austria Brunner, H., Friedel, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Auditory performance in bald eagles and red-tailed hawks: a comparative study of hearing in diurnal raptors McGee, J., Nelson, P., Ponder, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Impactos Ambientales de la Energía Eólica (Environmental Impacts of the Wind Energy) Hernández-Galvez, G., Pampillón-González, L., Hernández-Almenares, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Investigation of existing post-construction mortality monitoring at Victorian wind farms to assess its utility in estimating mortality rates Moloney, P., Lumsden, L., Smales, I. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Second Annual Report Fourth Interim Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Offshore wind farms and their effects on birds Fox, A., Petersen, I-K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Developing a science-based approach to defining key species of birds and bats of concern for wind farm developments in Victoria Lumsden, L., Moloney, P., Smales, I. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
Impacts to Wildlife of Wind Energy Siting and Operation in the United States Allison, T., Diffendorfer, J., Baerwald, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Effect of wind turbines on bird abundance: A national scale analysis based on fixed effects models Miao, R., Ghosh, P., Khanna, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Evaluation of bird detection efficiency of ProBird: tracking missed detection and false positives Lagrange, H., Rico, P. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds
Predictable shorebird departure patterns from a staging site can inform collision risks and mitigation of wind energy developments Howell, J., McKellar, A., Espie, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Shorebirds
The impact of wind energy facilities on grouse: a systematic review Coppes, J., Braunisch, V., Bollmann, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Wind turbines in high quality habitat cause disproportionate increases in collision mortality of the white-tailed eagle Heuck, C., Herrmann, C., Levers, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 4. Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Development of the information system for forecasting collision between birds and wind farms Osadchyi, V., Siokhin, V., Gorlov, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines
Monitoring of spring bird migration in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Spatial and temporal diving behavior of non-breeding common murres during two summers of contrasting ocean conditions Loredo, S., Orben, R., Suryan, R. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
Draft Environmental Assessment Wild Horse Wind Project Eagle Permit US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
The Effects of Management Practices an Grassland Birds—An Introduction to North American Grasslands and the Practices Used to Manage Grasslands and Grassland Birds Shaffer, J., DeLong, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Estimating offsets for avian displacement effects of anthropogenic impacts Shaffer, J., Loesch, C., Buhl, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance Birds
A Methodology to Assess the National and Regional Impacts of U.S. Wind Energy Development on Birds and Bats Diffendorfer, J., Beston, J., Merrill, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Wave Energy in Tropical Regions: Deployment Challenges, Environmental and Social Perspectives Felix, A., Hernández-Fontes, J., Lithgow, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Displaying 1041 - 1080 of 2812 results