Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2731

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Evaluation of Wind‐Energy Survey Protocols for Migrating Eagle Detection Chabot, E., Slater, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Common Guillemots and offshore wind farms: an ecological discussion of statistical analyses conducted by Alain Zuur Leopold, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Developing an efficient protocol for monitoring eagle fatalities at wind energy facilities Hallingstad, E., Rabie, P., Telander, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Wind farms have cascading impacts on ecosystems across trophic levels Thaker, M., Zambre, A., Bhosale, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Collision and displacement vulnerability to offshore wind energy infrastructure among marine birds of the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Kelsey, E., Felis, J., Czapanskiy, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
JNCC Report No. 627 Red-Throated Diver Energetics Project 2018 Field Season Report O'Brien, S., Ruffino, L., Lehikoinen, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Oceanographic drivers of marine mammal and seabird habitat-use across shelf-seas: A guide to key features and recommendations for future research and conservation management Cox, S., Embling, C., Hosegood, P. Journal Article Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Birds
Predicting bird collisions with wind turbines: Comparison of the new empirical Flux Collision Model with the SOSS Band model Kleyheeg-Hartman, J., Krijgsveld, K., Collier, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Cumulative effects of offshore wind farms: loss of habitat for seabirds van der Wal, J., van Puijenbroek, M., Leopold, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Seabirds
GenEst Statistical Models — A Generalized Estimator of Mortality Dalthorp, D., Madsen, L., Huso, M. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Assessment of Potential Risks from Renewable Energy Development and Other Anthropogenic Factors to Wintering Golden Eagles in the Western United States Craig, E. , Fuller, Mark., Craig, T. Book Chapter Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Monitoring of the migration of birds through the territory of the Integrated System for Protection of Birds Аutumn 2018 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Nocturnal flight activity of northern gannets Morus bassanus and implications for modelling collision risk at offshore wind farms Furness, R., Garthe, S., Trinder, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Behavioral accommodation of nesting hawks to wind turbines Watson, J., Keren, I., Davies, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Raptors
State of the World's Raptors: Distributions, Threats, and Conservation Recommendations McClure, C., Westrip, J., Johnson, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Interim Guidance on apportioning impacts from marine renewable developments to breeding seabird populations in SPAs Scottish Natural Heritage Guidance Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A review of the occurrence of inter‐colony segregation of seabird foraging areas and the implications for marine environmental impact assessment Bolton, M., Conolly, G., Carroll, M. Journal Article Seabirds, Birds
Use of an optical rangefinder to assess the reliability of seabird flight heights from boat‐based surveyors: implications for collision risk at offshore wind farms Harwood, A., Perrow, M., Berridge, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Ornithology ScotMER Receptor Group Scottish Government Webpage Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
The auditory attributes of Golden Eagles: Do Golden (Aquila chrysaetos) and Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) share the same auditory space? Walsh, E., Nelson, P., Ponder, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Complex behaviour in complex terrain - Modelling bird migration in a high resolution wind field across mountainous terrain to simulate observed patterns Aurbach, A., Schmid, B., Liechti, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Passerines
Midterm Evaluation WOZEP 2018 Mulder, S., van Mastrigt, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
U.S. Geological Survey energy and wildlife research annual report for 2018 Khalil, M. Report Wind Energy Terrestrial Mammals, Fish, Birds, Bats
JWGBIRD Report 2018: Report of the Joint OSPAR/HELCOM/ICES Working Group on Marine Birds (JWGBIRD) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Assessing bird avoidance of high-contrast lights using a choice test approach: implications for reducing human-induced avian mortality Goller, B., Blackwell, B., DeVault, T. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Lighting Birds
The consequences of seabird habitat loss from offshore wind turbines: a research plan for five selected species van Kooten, T., Soudijn, F., Leopold, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Pilot field study: observations from a fixed platform on occurrence and behaviour of common guillemots and other seabirds in offshore wind farm Luchterduinen Leopold, M., Verdaat, H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Evaluating a Commercial-Ready Technology for Raptor Detection and Deterrence at a Wind Energy Facility in California Terrill, S., Howell, J., Smith, J. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
No evidence of long-term displacement of key wildlife species from wave and tidal energy testing Long, C. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Movement patterns of white‐tailed sea eagles near wind turbines Krone, O., Treu, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Assessing space use by pre-breeding white-tailed eagles in the context of wind-energy development in Finland Balotari-Chiebao, F., Brommer, J., Saurola, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Potential Interaction Analysis of Offshore Wind Energy Areas and Breeding Avian Species on the US Mid-Atlantic Coast Wisman, J., Maxwell, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Quantifying avian avoidance of offshore wind turbines: Current evidence and key knowledge gaps Cook, A., Humphreys, E., Bennet, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Evaluating habitat, prey, and mesopredator associations in a community of marine birds Goyert, H., Gardner, B., Veit, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Cumulative Adverse Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Wildlife [Thesis] Goodale, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Modeling golden eagle‐vehicle collisions to design mitigation strategies Lonsdorf, E., Sanders-Reed, C., Boal, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Golden Eagle Conservation Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility Ocotillo Express Guidance Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Estimating Seabird Flight Height using LiDAR Cook, A., Ward, R., Hansen, W. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Trialling a Seabird Sensitivity Mapping Tool for Marine Renewable Energy Developments in Ireland Burke, B. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Automated monitoring for birds in flight: Proof of concept with eagles at a wind power facility McClure, C., Marinson, L., Allison, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Displaying 1081 - 1120 of 2731 results