Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2731

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Using stated preference valuation in the offshore environment to support marine planning Börger, T., Hooper, T., Austen, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Dogs detect larger wind energy effects on bats and birds Smallwood, K., Bell, D., Standish, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Changes in bird species composition after a wind farm installation: A case study in South America Justo Falavigna, T., Pereira, D., Lara Rippel, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions
Wind Turbine Interactions with Wildlife and Their Habitats: A Summary of Research Results and Priority Questions (2020 Update) American Wind Wildlife Institute (AWWI) Report Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Mortality limits used in wind energy impact assessment underestimate impacts of wind farms on bird populations Schippers, P., Buij, R., Schotman, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Greater Sage‐Grouse Response to the Physical Footprint of Energy Development Kirol, C., Smith, K., Graf, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Monitoring of spring bird migration in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds 2020 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Black Harriers and Wind Energy: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation Simmons, R., Ralston-Paton, S., Colyn, R. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Impact of wind energy development on birds and bats: the case of Adama wind farm, Central Ethiopia Tesfahunegny, W., Datiko, D., Wale, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Wind, sun, and wildlife: do wind and solar energy development "short-circuit" conservation in the western United States? Agha, M., Lovich, J., Ennen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Wing-Beat Frequency and Its Acoustics in Birds and Bats Boonman, A., Yovel, Y., Eitan, O. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds
High-Resolution Modeling of Uplift Landscapes can Inform Micrositing of Wind Turbines for Soaring Raptors Hanssen, F., May, R., Nygård, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Quantifying the differences in avian attack rates on reptiles between an infrastructure and a control site Law, C., Lancaster, L., Hall, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Reptiles
Integrating Wind Turbines and Fish Farms: An Evaluation of Potential Risks to Marine and Coastal Bird Species Benjamins, S., Masden, E., Collu, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Assessing Cumulative Exposure of Northern Gannets to Offshore Wind Farms Goodale, M., Milman, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Effects of wind energy production on a threatened species, the Bicknell’s Thrush Catharus bicknelli, with and without mitigation Lemaître, J., Lamarre, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Passerines
Deep learning–based automatic bird identification system for offshore wind farms Niemi, J., Tanttu, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Methodology for calculating the number of migratory birds in the territory of the wind farms of the Azov region using information and communication technology Yeremieiev, V., Osadchyi, V., Siokhin, V. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Assessing the spatial distribution of avian collision risks at wind turbine structures in Brandenburg, Germany Bose, A., Durr, T., Klenke, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Prediction and measurement of high intensity bird migration using meteorological radar data in Eemshaven windpark Shinneman, S., van Loon, E., Wijers, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Annual environmental report 2019 – Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Guidelines for Providing Avian Survey Information for Renewable Energy Development on the Outer Continental Shelf Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Annual movement patterns of American common eiders Somateria mollissima dresseri Mallory, M., Ronconi, R., Allen, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Birds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Survival rates of birds for use in population models Collier, M., Courtens, W., van Daele, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Minimum distances for wind turbines: A robustness analysis of policies for a sustainable wind power deployment Salomon, H., Drechsler, M., Reutter, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions
ThermalTracker-3D: A thermal stereo vision system for quantifying bird and bat activity at offshore wind energy sites Matzner, S., Warfel, T., Hull, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance Bats, Birds
Risk Retirement for Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Copping, A., Freeman, M., Overhus, D. Report Marine Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Reducing Bat Fatalities Using Ultrasonic Acoustic Deterrent Technology: A Potential Mechanism for Conservation at Offshore Wind Energy Sites O'Neil, D. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Black-legged kittiwake population dynamics and drivers of population change in the context of offshore wind development Ruffino, L., Thompson, D., O'Brien, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Final Environmental Assessment Biglow Canyon Wind Farm Eagle Permit US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Effect of tower base painting on willow ptarmigan collision rates with wind turbines Stokke, B., Nygård, T., Falkdalen, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Initial Environmental Report for the ELEMENT Project Gaborieau, H., Thiébaut, M., Quillienn, N. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures Todd, V., Lazar, L., Williamson, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles
First biologging record of a foraging Red-Throated Loon Gavia stellata shows shallow and efficient diving in freshwater environments Duckworth, J., O'Brien, S., Väisänen, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Summary of Discussions from Specialist Committees of the Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) on the Topic of Regional Research and Monitoring New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Placement of Wind Energy Infrastructure Matters: A Quantitative Study Evaluating Response of Lesser Prairie-Chicken to a Wind Energy Facility LeBeau, C., Kauffman, M., Smith, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Renewable energy and migratory species Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) Report Wind Energy Displacement Birds
Understanding the Golden Eagle and Bald Eagle Sensory Worlds to Enhance Detection and Response to Wind Turbines Fernández-Juricic, E., Katzner, T., Goller, B. Report Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Pilot Tracking Study of the Migratory Movements of Shelduck to Inform Understanding of Potential Interactions with Offshore Wind Farms in the North Sea Green, R., Burton, N, Cook, A. Report Birds, Waterfowl
Consistent effects of wind turbines on habitat selection of capercaillie across Europe Coppes, J., Kämmerle, J., Grunschachner-Berger, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Displaying 881 - 920 of 2731 results