Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2812

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
JNCC Report No. 673: Red-Throated Diver Energetics Project 2020 Field Season Report Thompson, D., O'Brien, S., Ruffino, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Mesoscale Modeling to Characterize Eagle Soaring Habitat Draxl, C., Lawson, M., Farmer, C. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
What really undermines public acceptance of wind turbines? A choice experiment analysis in Israel Peri, E., Becker, N., Tal, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season Peschko, V., Mendel, B., Müller, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: July 2020 Jervis, L., Arundale, M., Warford, S. Report Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Vulnerability of northern gannets to offshore wind farms; seasonal and sex-specific collision risk and demographic consequences Lane, J., Jeavons, R., Deakin, Z. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: August Surveys I & II 2020 Arundale, M., Goulding, A., Warford, S. Report Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Global life-cycle impacts of onshore wind-power plants on bird richness May, R., Middel, H., Stokke, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Assessing the exposure of three diving bird species to offshore wind areas on the U.S. Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf using satellite telemetry Stenhouse, I., Berlin, A., Gilbert, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Atmospheric Modeling to Enable Prediction of Golden Eagle Interactions with Wind Power Plants Quon, E., Lawson, M., Tripp, C. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Avian Ship-based Survey Final Post-Construction Monitoring Report Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Avian and Bat Acoustic Survey Final Post-Construction Monitoring Report, 2017–2020 Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds
AWWI Technical Report: 2nd Edition: Summary of Bird Fatality Monitoring Data Contained in AWWIC Allison, T., Butryn, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Guidance document on wind energy developments and EU nature legislation European Commission Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Above and below: Military Aircraft Noise in Air and under Water at Whidbey Island, Washington Kuehne, L., Erbe, C., Ashe, E. Journal Article Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Enabling Renewable Energy While Protecting Wildlife: An Ecological Risk-Based Approach to Wind Energy Development Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values Copping, A., Gorton, A., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science Copping, A., Hemery, L., Overhus, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean: Birds and Marine Mammals in a Changing Climate Bestley, S., Ropert-Coudert, Y., Nash, S. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: May Surveys I & II 2020 Arundale, M., Warford, S., Robinson Willmott, J. Report Birds, Marine Mammals
Use of Upland and Riparian Areas by Wintering Bald Eagles and Implications for Wind Energy Schmuecker, S., Becker, D., Lanzone, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
The human dimensions of a green–green-dilemma:​ Lessons learned from the wind energy — wildlife conflict in Germany Straka, T., Fritze, M., Voigt, C. Journal Article Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: June 2020 Jervis, L., Arundale, M., Warford, S. Report Birds, Marine Mammals
Monitoring of the migration of birds through the territory of the Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Аutumn 2020 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Shift in proximate causes of mortality for six large migratory raptors over a century De Pascalis, F., Panuccio, M., Bacaro, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Wave and Tidal Stream Critical Evidence Needs Offshore Renewables Joint Industry Programme (ORJIP) Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Comparing methods to estimate the proportion of turbine-induced bird and bat mortality in the search area under a road and pad search protocol Maurer, J., Huso, M., Dalthorp, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
A Review on Environmental and Social Impacts of Thermal Gradient and Tidal Currents Energy Conversion and Application to the Case of Chiapas, Mexico Rivera, G., Felix, A., Mendoza, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Associations of Synoptic Weather Conditions With Nocturnal Bird Migration Over the North Sea Manola, I., Bradaric, M., Groenland, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
The Wildlife Sensitivity Mapping Manual: Practical guidance for renewable energy planning in the European Union Allinson, T., Jobson, B., Crowe, O. Guidance Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Marine Mammals
New York Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) Meeting Summary – 5 October 2020 Gulka, J. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: February 2020 Jervis, L., Arundale, M., Warford, S. Report Birds, Marine Mammals
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: December 2019 Goulding, A., Arundale, M., Warford, S. Report Birds, Marine Mammals
Factors affecting carcass detection at wind farms using dogs and human searchers del Valle, J., Peralta, F., Arjona, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: March 2020 Jervis, L., Arundale, M., Warford, S. Report Birds, Marine Mammals
Limited accessibility and bias in wildlife-wind energy knowledge: A bilingual systematic review of a globally distributed bird group Fernandez-Bellon, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: January 2020 Jervis, L., Arundale, M., Warford, S. Report Birds, Marine Mammals
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report: April Surveys I & II 2020 Jervis, L., Glew St. John, K., Arundale, M. Report Birds, Marine Mammals
Parc éolien en mer de Saint-Nazaire – Suivi de l’avifaune et de la mégafaune marine: Société Parc du Banc de Guérande Octobre 2020 Biotope Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
2020 State of the Science Report - Chapter 3: Collision Risk for Animals around Turbines Sparling, C., Seitz, A., Masden, E. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World Copping, A., Hemery, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Displaying 881 - 920 of 2812 results