Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6469
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Assessing the Impact of Offshore Wind Power Deployment on Fishery: A Synthetic Control Approach Shimada, H., Asano, K., Nagai, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Global environmental cost of using rare earth elements in green energy technologies Golroudbary, S., Makarava, I., Kraslawski, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Comparing distribution of harbour porpoise using generalized additive models and hierarchical Bayesian models with integrated nested laplace approximation Williamson, L., Scott, B., Laxton, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
A Monte-Carlo based 3-D ballistics model for guiding bat carcass surveys using environmental and turbine operational data Prakash, S., Markfort, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Bat and Bird Data Analysis and Results Summary: Progress Report #2 & 3 Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy Noise Bats, Birds
Strategic Monitoring and its Approaches: Setting Out a General Definition and its Application Gregory, S., Lonsdale, J., Mulholland, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Maryland Offshore Wind Project: Offshore Bat Monitoring and Detections ESS Group, LLC Report Wind Energy Displacement Bats
Do views of offshore wind energy detract? A hedonic price analysis of the Block Island wind farm in Rhode Island Dong, L., Lang, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Workshop Summary on Passive Acoustic Monitoring Data Standards and Management: March 7 and 9, 2022 Baker, K., Staaterman, E., Shumchenia, E. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
The Atlantic surfclam fishery and offshore wind energy development: 2. Assessing economic impacts Scheld, A., Beckensteiner, J., Munroe, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind COP Appendix II-L2: Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Presence Biodiversity Research Institute Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Environmental DNA monitoring of pelagic fish fauna at the Hywind Scotland floating wind energy installation – A pilot study Ray, J., Hestetun, J., Mugu, S. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Fish, Human Dimensions
Distance to hedgerows drives local repulsion and attraction of wind turbines on bats: Implications for spatial siting Leroux, C., Kerbiriou, C., Le Viol, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Chasing the offshore wind farm wind-wake-induced upwelling/downwelling dipole Floeter, J., Pohlmann, T., Harmer, A Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Offshore Wind Lease Issuance, Site Characterization, and Site Assessment: Central and Northern California Reeb, D., Schroeder, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf de Paula, L., Carmo, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Drivers and energy justice implications of renewable energy project siting in the United States O'Shaughnessy, E., Wiser, R., Hoen, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Conceptualisation of multiple impacts interacting in the marine environment using marine infrastructure as an example Komyakova, V., Jaffrés, J., Strain, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Attraction Invertebrates
Research progress and prospects of gliding robots applied in ocean observation Tian, B., Guo, J., Song, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Fish, Marine Mammals, Sediment Transport
Hawkeye State Headwinds: A Case Study of Local Opposition and Siting Challenges for Large Scale Wind Development in Iowa Kelly, C., Nelson, S., Herter, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Sunrise Wind COP Appendix I2: Onshore Acoustic Assessment Exponent Engineering P.C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
End of Life Materials Mapping for Offshore Wind in Scotland Bennet, L., Spyroudi, A., Stevenson, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Activity of forest specialist bats decreases towards wind turbines at forest sites Ellerbrok, J., Delius, A., Peter, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats
A framework for categorizing the interactions of offshore windfarms and fisheries Stokesbury, K., Fay, G., Griffin, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Offshore Wind Priority Conflict Topics for Marine Mammals and Birds Courbis, S., Pacini, A., Williams, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Kurtosis analysis of sounds from down-the-hole pile installation and the implications for marine mammal auditory impairment Guan, S., Brookens, T., Miner, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Diet analysis of bats killed at wind turbines suggests large-scale losses of trophic interactions Scholz, C., Voigt, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Invertebrates
Do magnetic fields related to submarine power cables affect the functioning of a common bivalve? Jakubowska-Lehrmann, M., Białowąs, M., Otremba, Z. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Revolution Wind COP Appendix Z2: Protected Species Mitigation and Monitoring Plan (PSMMP): Sea Turtles and ESA-Listed Fish Species LGL Ecological Research Associates, Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Particle motion observed during offshore wind turbine piling operation Sigray, P., Linne, M., Andersson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Spatial Modeling to Support Sustainable Offshore Wind Energy Development for California Degagne, R., Gough, M., Joseph, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
The local socio-economic impacts of offshore wind farms Glasson, J., Durning, B., Welch, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Identifying the Potential of Floating Artificial Benthic Ecosystems to Underpin Offshore Development Komyakova, V., Wright, B., Frusher, S. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Using weather radar to help minimize wind energy impacts on nocturnally migrating birds Cohen, E., Buler, J., Horton, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Convergence of emerging technologies: development of a risk-based paradigm for marine mammal monitoring for offshore wind energy operations Macrander, A., Brzuzy, L., Raghukumar, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Wind energy in the city: Hong Kong’s offshore wind energy generation potential, deployment plans, and ecological pitfalls Delina, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions
A review of support tools to assess multi-sector interactions in the emerging offshore Blue Economy Turschwell, M. P., Hayes, M. A., Lacharite, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Renewable Energy Landscapes: Designing Place-Based Infrastructure for Scale O'Neil, R., Preziuso, D., Arkema, K. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Vulnerability and spatial competition: The case of fisheries and offshore wind projects Hélène, B., Marjolaine, F., Christelle, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
New England Wind COP Appendix III-M: Assessing the Potential Acoustic Impact on Marine Fauna during Construction of New England Wind Epsilon Associates Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
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