Invertebrates

A broad term that encompasses both marine and terrestrial animals lacking a backbone.

Invertebrates are organisms that lack a backbone. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Benthic invertebrates typically live on the seafloor; common examples include cephalopods (squid, octopus, nautilus), crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters), and mollusks (clams, barnacles). Many benthic invertebrates serve as indicators of ecosystem health and are harvested commercially around the world. Invertebrates that may be found on land include insects, worms, and arachnids.

Electromagnetic fields, noise pollution, changes in flow, and other impacts from offshore developments may affect the health of some benthic invertebrates. Changes in water quality may also alter benthic habitats and the organisms that reside within them negatively. However, the addition of offshore wind energy and marine renewable energy’s subsea cables and support structures to the seafloor may also provide new habitat, potentially acting as artificial reefs and attracting benthic invertebrates. Invertebrates found on land, such as insects, may be attracted to land-based wind energy's lighting and as a result, may be at a heightened risk of collision. 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Invertebrates.

Total: 895

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Biology and meso-scale distribution patterns of North Sea cephalopods Oesterwind, D., Remmet ter Hofstede, B., Heinz, B. Journal Article Marine Energy Invertebrates
Effects Of Wave Energy Converters On The Surrounding Soft-bottom Macrofauna (west Coast Of Sweden) Langhamer, O. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Habitat Change Invertebrates
Adapting Offshore Wind Power Foundations to Local Environment Hammar, L., Andersson, S., Rosenberg, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Attachment Properties of Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) Byssus Threads on Culture-Based Artificial Collector Substrates Brenner, M., Buck, B. Journal Article Invertebrates
Wave Power - Sustainable Energy Or Environmentally Costly? A Review With Special Emphasis On Linear Wave Energy Converters Langhamer, O., Haikonen, K., Sundberg, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Attraction Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Installation of Tidal Turbine Array at Kyle Rhea, Scotland: Scoping Study Bedford, G., Tarrant, D., Trendall, J. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Further Scottish Leasing Round (Saltire Prize Projects) Scoping Study Harrald, M., Davies, I. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Birds, Seabirds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Measurements of acoustic scattering from zooplankton and oceanic microstructure using a broadband echosounder Lavery, A., Chu, D., Moum, J. Journal Article Invertebrates
Survey of marine fouling on turbine support structures of the Offshore Windfarm Egmond aan Zee (2007-2009) Bruijs, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Invertebrates
Preliminary Assessment of the Conservation Importance of Benthic Species and Habitats off the West Coast of Orkney and in the Pentland Firth in Relation to the Development of Renewable Energy Schemes Moore, C. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Seasonal variation and vertical zonation of the marine biofouling on a concrete offshore windmill foundation on the Thornton Bank (southern North Sea) Kerckhof, F., Rumes, B., Norro, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Benthic Cover Data National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Webpage Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
Weighing Natural Variability and Anthropogenic Impacts: A Case Study of Demersal Fish and Epibenthic Communities in the Belgian Part of the North Sea De Backer, A., Vandendriessche, S., Wittoeck, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Assessing the Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Development on Marine and Estuarine Resources Ward, J., Schultz, I., Woodruff, D. Conference Paper Marine Energy EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Making sense of electrical sense in crayfish Patullo, B., Macmillan, D. Journal Article Invertebrates
Seasonal variation of diel vertical migration of zooplankton from ADCP backscatter time series data in the Lazarev Sea, Antarctica Cisewski, B., Strass, V., Rhein, M. Journal Article Physical Environment, Water Quality, Invertebrates
Introduction: offshore wind energy development in the Belgian part of the North Sea & anticipated impacts Brabant, R., Jacques, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Hydrographic and Sediment Field Surveys Howes, B., Schlezinger, D., Samimy, R. Research Study Tidal, Marine Energy Invertebrates
Marine Renewable Energy and the Environment (MaREE) Adams, T., Bainbridge, J., Benjamins, S. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Lynn and Inner Dowsing Hydrographic Monitoring Survey Fugro EMU Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
Electrical power generation from ocean currents in the Straits of Florida: Some environmental considerations Finkl, C., Charlier, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Ocean Current EMF, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment
Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals Miller, J., Potty, G., Raposa, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Wave Energy Conversion and the Marine Environment: Colonization Patterns and Habitat Dynamics Langhamer, O. Thesis Wave, Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates, Fish
Ramsey Sound Tidal Energy Limited Non-Technical Summary of the Environmental Statement Tidal Energy Ltd Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Colonisation of Fish and Crabs of Wave Energy Foundations and the Effects of Manufactured Holes - A Field Experiment Langhamer, O., Wilhelmsson, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Environmental Monitoring at the Maren Wave Power Test Site off the Island of Runde, Western Norway: Planning and Design Andersen, K., Chapman, A., Hareide, N. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Strategic Review of Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring Data Associated with FEPA Licence Conditions: Benthic Ecology Walker, R., Weiss, L., Froján, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Local Effects of Blue Mussels Around Turbine Foundations in an Ecosystem Model of Nysted Off-Shore Wind Farm, Denmark Maar, M., Bolding, K., Petersen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Colonization of Blue Mussels (Mytilus Edulis) on Offshore Wave Power Installations Langhamer, O. Report Wave, Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
Motivational trade-offs and potential pain experience in hermit crabs Appel, M., Elwood, R. Journal Article Marine Energy EMF Invertebrates, Human Dimensions
Environmental Assessment Registration Document - Fundy Tidal Energy Demonstration Project Volume I: Environmental Assessment AECOM Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Development of Invertebrate Assemblages and Fish on Offshore Wave Power Langhamer, O., Wilhelmsson, D., Engström, J. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Artificial Reef Effect and Fouling Impacts on Offshore Wave Power Foundations and Buoys - A Pilot Study Langhamer, O., Wilhelmsson, D., Engström, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Epibenthic colonization of concrete and steel pilings in a cold-temperate embayment: a field experiment Andersson, M., Berggren, M., Wilhelmsson, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
The Acoustics And Acoustic Behavior Of The California Spiny Lobster (Panulirus Interruptus) Patek, S., Shipp, L., Staaterman, E. Journal Article Noise Invertebrates
Aspects of Offshore Renewable Energy and the Alterations of Marine Habitats Wilhelmsson, D. Thesis Wind Energy, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates, Fish
Peninsula Research Institute for Marine Renewable Energy (PRIMaRE) Lorraine, R., Tremlett, C. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Baseline Data and Power Analysis for the OWET Dungeness Crab and Fish Baseline Study Terrill, S., Kramer, S., Nelson, P. Report Marine Energy, Wave Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Processing of Antifouling Paint Particles by Mytilus edulis Turner, A., Barrett, M., Brown, M. Journal Article Chemicals Invertebrates
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