Invertebrates

A broad term that encompasses both marine and terrestrial animals lacking a backbone.

Invertebrates are organisms that lack a backbone. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Benthic invertebrates typically live on the seafloor; common examples include cephalopods (squid, octopus, nautilus), crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters), and mollusks (clams, barnacles). Many benthic invertebrates serve as indicators of ecosystem health and are harvested commercially around the world. Invertebrates that may be found on land include insects, worms, and arachnids.

Electromagnetic fields, noise pollution, changes in flow, and other impacts from offshore developments may affect the health of some benthic invertebrates. Changes in water quality may also alter benthic habitats and the organisms that reside within them negatively. However, the addition of offshore wind energy and marine renewable energy’s subsea cables and support structures to the seafloor may also provide new habitat, potentially acting as artificial reefs and attracting benthic invertebrates. Invertebrates found on land, such as insects, may be attracted to land-based wind energy's lighting and as a result, may be at a heightened risk of collision. 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents Related to Invertebrates

Total results: 764
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
The Ecological Impacts of Tidal Energy Development Broadhurst, M., Barr, S., Orme, D. Research Study Tidal, Marine Energy Invertebrates, Fish
Fouling Assemblages on Offshore Wind Power Plants and Adjacent Substrata Wilhelmsson, D., Malm, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Horns Rev II Offshore Wind Farm Food Basis for Common Scoter Skov, H., Durinck, J., Erichsen, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Kentish Flats Wind Farm Development: Macrobenthic Ecology Study - 2007 Fugro EMU Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
Mapping Benthic Habitat in Regions of Gradual Substrata: An Automated Approach Utilised Geophysical, Geological, and Biological Relationships Brown, C., Collier, J. Journal Article Invertebrates
Temporal Patterns In Ambient Noise Of Biological Origin From A Shallow Water Temperate Reef Radford, C., Jeffs, A., Tindle, C. Journal Article Noise Invertebrates, Fish
Review of the Reef Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Structures and their Potential for Enhancement and Mitigation UK Department for Business Innovation & Skills (BIS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Offshore Wind-Farms OSPAR Commission Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Determining dominant scatterers of sound in mixed zooplankton populations Lavery, A., Wiebe, P., Stanton, T. Journal Article Invertebrates
Minimal Sampling Requirements for a Precise Assessment of Soft-Bottom Macrobenthic Communities, using AMBI Muxika, I., Ibaibarriaga, L., Sáiz, J. Journal Article Invertebrates
Wave power devices as artificial reefs Langhamer, O., Wilhelmsson, D. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Farms: Their Impacts, and Potential Habitat Gains as Artificial Reefs, in Particular for Fish Wilson, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Fish
The Effects of Noise on the Aquatic Environment Walmsley, D. Conference Paper Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Magnetic Maps in Animals: Nature's GPS Lohmann, K., Lohmann, C., Putman, N. Journal Article EMF Reptiles, Invertebrates, Birds
Marine Renewable Energy Development in Scotland (MREDS) Side, J., Gibb, S., Stephen, K. Research Study Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish, Birds
Temporal variability of zooplankton biomass from ADCP backscatter time series data at the Bermuda Testbed Mooring site Jiang, S., Dickey, T., Steinberg, D. Journal Article Physical Environment, Water Quality, Invertebrates
Rigs-to-Reef Programs in the Gulf of Mexico Kaiser, M., Pulsipher, A. Journal Article Habitat Change Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Fish Assemblages on Sunken Vessels and Natural Reefs in Southeast Florida, USA Arena, P., Jordan, L., Spieler, R. Journal Article Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
An Approach to the Intercalibration of Benthic Ecological Status Assessment in the North Atlantic Ecoregion, According to the European Water Framework Directive Borja, A., Josefson, A., Miles, A. Journal Article Invertebrates
Process-Driven Characterization and Mapping of Seabed Habitats Kostylev, V., Hannah, C. Book Chapter Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
Nonindigenous biota on artificial structures: could habitat creation facilitate biological invasions? Glasby, T., Connell, S., Holloway, M. Journal Article Habitat Change Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Offshore Wind Farms and the Environment: Danish Experiences from Horns Rev and Nysted Danish Energy Agency Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Horns Rev 2 Offshore Wind Farm EIA Report: Benthic Communities Leonhard, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Benthic Communities at Horns Rev Before, During and After Construction of Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm: Final Report Vattenfall Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Shifts in a Pacific Ocean Fish Assemblage: the Potential Influence of Exploitation Levin, P., Holmes, E., Piner, K. Journal Article Marine Energy Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
ATOC/Pioneer Seamount Cable after 8 Years on the Seafloor: Observations, Environmental Impact Kogan, I., Paull, C., Kuhnz, L. Journal Article Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
The Derivation, Performance and Role of Univariate and Multivariate Indicators of Benthic Change: Case Studies at Differing Spatial Scales Quintino, V., Elliott, M., Rodríguez, A. Journal Article Invertebrates
Offshore Windmill Farms: Threats to or Possibilities for the Marine Environment Petersen, J., Malm, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
The Influence Of Offshore Windpower On Demersal Fish Wilhelmsson, D., Malm, T., Öhman, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Energy Research on Environmental Impacts Köller, J., Köppel, J., Peters, W. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fish, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Towards a Statistically Valid Method of Textural Sea Floor Characterization of Benthic Habitats Orpin, A., Kostylev, V. Journal Article Invertebrates
Ecological Research on Offshore Wind Farms: International Exchange of Experiences - Part A Zucco, C., Wende, W., Merck, T. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
The benthic impacts of the Loch Linnhe Artificial Reef Wilding, T. Journal Article Habitat Change Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Impact of Windfarm OWEZ on the Local Macrobenthos Community Daan, R., Mulder, M., Bergman, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
The Benthic Environment of the North and West of Scotland and the Northern and Western Isles: Sources of Information and Overview Wilding, T., Hughes, D., Black, K. Report Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Environmental effect studies – Status more than two years after the erection of Horns Rev and Nysted Offshore Wind Farms Boesen, C., Andersen, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Post-Construction Results from The North Hoyle Offshore Wind Farm May, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
An Evaluation of the Wildlife Impacts of Offshore Wind Development Relative to Fossil Fuel Power Production Jarvis, C. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Fish, Birds
Magnetic Orientation and Magnetoreception in Birds and Other Animals Wiltschko, R., Wiltschko, W. Journal Article EMF Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Reptiles
COWRIE 1.5 The Potential Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Sub-Sea Power Cables Associated with Offshore Wind Farm Developments on Electrically and Magnetically Sensitive Marine Organisms - A Review Gill, A., Gloyne-Philips, I., Neal, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
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