Invertebrates

A broad term that encompasses both marine and terrestrial animals lacking a backbone.

Invertebrates are organisms that lack a backbone. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Benthic invertebrates typically live on the seafloor; common examples include cephalopods (squid, octopus, nautilus), crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters), and mollusks (clams, barnacles). Many benthic invertebrates serve as indicators of ecosystem health and are harvested commercially around the world. Invertebrates that may be found on land include insects, worms, and arachnids.

Electromagnetic fields, noise pollution, changes in flow, and other impacts from offshore developments may affect the health of some benthic invertebrates. Changes in water quality may also alter benthic habitats and the organisms that reside within them negatively. However, the addition of offshore wind energy and marine renewable energy’s subsea cables and support structures to the seafloor may also provide new habitat, potentially acting as artificial reefs and attracting benthic invertebrates. Invertebrates found on land, such as insects, may be attracted to land-based wind energy's lighting and as a result, may be at a heightened risk of collision. 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Invertebrates.

Total: 911

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Colonisation of Fish and Crabs of Wave Energy Foundations and the Effects of Manufactured Holes - A Field Experiment Langhamer, O., Wilhelmsson, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Ramsey Sound Tidal Energy Limited Non-Technical Summary of the Environmental Statement Tidal Energy Ltd Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Environmental Monitoring at the Maren Wave Power Test Site off the Island of Runde, Western Norway: Planning and Design Andersen, K., Chapman, A., Hareide, N. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Strategic Review of Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring Data Associated with FEPA Licence Conditions: Benthic Ecology Walker, R., Weiss, L., Froján, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Local Effects of Blue Mussels Around Turbine Foundations in an Ecosystem Model of Nysted Off-Shore Wind Farm, Denmark Maar, M., Bolding, K., Petersen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Colonization of Blue Mussels (Mytilus Edulis) on Offshore Wave Power Installations Langhamer, O. Report Wave, Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
Environmental Assessment Registration Document - Fundy Tidal Energy Demonstration Project Volume I: Environmental Assessment AECOM Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Motivational trade-offs and potential pain experience in hermit crabs Appel, M., Elwood, R. Journal Article Marine Energy EMF Invertebrates, Human Dimensions
Development of Invertebrate Assemblages and Fish on Offshore Wave Power Langhamer, O., Wilhelmsson, D., Engström, J. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Artificial Reef Effect and Fouling Impacts on Offshore Wave Power Foundations and Buoys - A Pilot Study Langhamer, O., Wilhelmsson, D., Engström, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Epibenthic colonization of concrete and steel pilings in a cold-temperate embayment: a field experiment Andersson, M., Berggren, M., Wilhelmsson, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Early colonisation of a concrete offshore windmill foundation by marine biofouling on the Thornton Bank (southern North Sea) Kerckhof, F., Norro, A., Jacques, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Preliminary Assessment of the Conservation Importance of Benthic Epifaunal Species and Habitats Moore, C. Report Marine Energy Changes in Flow Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: State of the Art After Two Years of Environmental Monitoring Degraer, S., Brabant, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Wave Energy and the Marine Environment: Colonization Patterns and Habitat Dynamics Langhamer, O. Thesis Wave, Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates, Fish
The Acoustics And Acoustic Behavior Of The California Spiny Lobster (Panulirus Interruptus) Patek, S., Shipp, L., Staaterman, E. Journal Article Noise Invertebrates
Aspects of Offshore Renewable Energy and the Alterations of Marine Habitats Wilhelmsson, D. Thesis Wind Energy, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates, Fish
Peninsula Research Institute for Marine Renewable Energy (PRIMaRE) Lorraine, R., Tremlett, C. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Baseline Data and Power Analysis for the OWET Dungeness Crab and Fish Baseline Study Terrill, S., Kramer, S., Nelson, P. Report Marine Energy, Wave Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Processing of Antifouling Paint Particles by Mytilus edulis Turner, A., Barrett, M., Brown, M. Journal Article Chemicals Invertebrates
Overview Of The Impacts Of Anthropogenic Underwater Sound In The Marine Environment Götz, T., Hastie, G., Hatch, L. Report Marine Energy Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm Turbine Foundation Faunal Colonisation Diving Survey Fugro EMU Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Colonization of an Artificial Hard Substrate by Mytilus edulis in the German Bight Joschko, T., Buck, B., Gutow, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Invertebrates
Hard Coastal-Defence Structures as Habitats for Native and Exotic Rocky-Bottom Species Vaselli, S., Bulleri, F., Benedetti-Cecchi, L. Journal Article Habitat Change Invertebrates
The Ecological Impacts of Tidal Energy Development Broadhurst, M., Barr, S., Orme, D. Research Study Tidal, Marine Energy Invertebrates, Fish
Fouling Assemblages on Offshore Wind Power Plants and Adjacent Substrata Wilhelmsson, D., Malm, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Horns Rev II Offshore Wind Farm Food Basis for Common Scoter Skov, H., Durinck, J., Erichsen, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Mapping Benthic Habitat in Regions of Gradual Substrata: An Automated Approach Utilised Geophysical, Geological, and Biological Relationships Brown, C., Collier, J. Journal Article Invertebrates
Kentish Flats Wind Farm Development: Macrobenthic Ecology Study - 2007 Fugro EMU Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
Temporal Patterns In Ambient Noise Of Biological Origin From A Shallow Water Temperate Reef Radford, C., Jeffs, A., Tindle, C. Journal Article Noise Invertebrates, Fish
Interim Report Benthos Recruitment T1 Bergman, M., Duineveld, G., van 't Hof, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Offshore wind farm Egmond aan Zee benthos densities progress report Daan, R., Mulder, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Offshore Wind-Farms OSPAR Commission Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Review of the Reef Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Structures and their Potential for Enhancement and Mitigation UK Department for Business Innovation & Skills (BIS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Determining dominant scatterers of sound in mixed zooplankton populations Lavery, A., Wiebe, P., Stanton, T. Journal Article Invertebrates
Minimal Sampling Requirements for a Precise Assessment of Soft-Bottom Macrobenthic Communities, using AMBI Muxika, I., Ibaibarriaga, L., Sáiz, J. Journal Article Invertebrates
Wave power devices as artificial reefs Langhamer, O., Wilhelmsson, D. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Farms: Their Impacts, and Potential Habitat Gains as Artificial Reefs, in Particular for Fish Wilson, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Fish
The Effects of Noise on the Aquatic Environment Walmsley, D. Conference Paper Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Magnetic Maps in Animals: Nature's GPS Lohmann, K., Lohmann, C., Putman, N. Journal Article EMF Birds, Invertebrates, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
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