Invertebrates

A broad term that encompasses both marine and terrestrial animals lacking a backbone.

Invertebrates are organisms that lack a backbone. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Benthic invertebrates typically live on the seafloor; common examples include cephalopods (squid, octopus, nautilus), crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters), and mollusks (clams, barnacles). Many benthic invertebrates serve as indicators of ecosystem health and are harvested commercially around the world. Invertebrates that may be found on land include insects, worms, and arachnids.

Electromagnetic fields, noise pollution, changes in flow, and other impacts from offshore developments may affect the health of some benthic invertebrates. Changes in water quality may also alter benthic habitats and the organisms that reside within them negatively. However, the addition of offshore wind energy and marine renewable energy’s subsea cables and support structures to the seafloor may also provide new habitat, potentially acting as artificial reefs and attracting benthic invertebrates. Invertebrates found on land, such as insects, may be attracted to land-based wind energy's lighting and as a result, may be at a heightened risk of collision. 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Invertebrates.

Total: 895

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Monitoring Benthic Habitats and Biodiversity at the Tidal Energy Site of Paimpol-Brehat (Brittany, France) Carlier, A., Caisey, X., Gaffet, J. Presentation Marine Energy, Tidal Invertebrates
EcoSpatial Information Database: U.S. Atlantic Region Madsen, K., Zimmer, B., Fritze, B. Report Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Littoral Characterisation of West Mainland Orkney: The Relationship between Wave Energy, Topography and the Biological Community Want, A., Side, J., Bell, M. Presentation Marine Energy, Wave Invertebrates
Report of the Workshop on International Harmonisation of Approaches to Define Underwater Noise Exposure Criteria Lucke, K., Winter, E., Lam, F. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Review of Environmental Data Associated with Post-Consent Monitoring of Licence Conditions of Offshore Wind Farms Marine Management Organisation (MMO) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Enrichment and Shifts in Macrobenthic Assemblages in an Offshore Wind Farm Area in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Coates, D., Deschutter, Y., Vincx, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm - Decision Letter & Conditions McKie, J. Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Dogger Bank Environmental Statement - Chapter 13: Fish and Shellfish Ecology Brown & May Marine Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Offshore wind farm design with the Coral Reefs Optimization algorithm Salcedo-Sanz, S., Gallo-Marazuela, D., Pastor-Sánchez, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Invertebrates
Dogger Bank Environmental Statement Dogger Bank Wind Farm Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Marine Renewable Energy and Environmental Interactions: Baseline Assessments of Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles and Benthic Communities on the Oregon Shelf Henkel, S., Suryan, R., Lagerquist, B. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Baselines and Monitoring Methods for Detecting Impacts of Hydrodynamic Energy Extraction on Intertidal Communities of Rocky Shores Want, A., Beharie, R., Bell, M. Book Chapter Wave, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Invertebrates
Environmental Effects Monitoring Report 2011-2013 Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Report Marine Energy, Tidal EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Power Production in the North Sea Draget, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
The Influence of Fisheries Exclusion and Addition of Hard Substrata on Fish and Crustaceans Wilhelmsson, D., Langhamer, O. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Rapid increase of benthic structural and functional diversity at the alpha ventus offshore test site Gutow, L., Teschke, K., Schmidt, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Invertebrates
Offshore Marine Renewable Energy Devices as Stepping Stones Across Biogeographical Boundaries Adams, T., Miller, R., Aleynik, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
The Co-Location of Offshore Windfarms and Decapod Fisheries in the UK: Constraints and Opportunities Hooper, T., Austen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Attraction Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
MaRVEN Research Study - Noise, Vibrations and Electromagnetic Emissions Thomsen, F. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Fairhead Tidal Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Document McGrath, C. Report Marine Energy, Tidal EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Understanding commercial fish space use around Marine Renewable Energy sites: novel acoustic array-based fish tracking and monitoring at Wave Hub, Cornwall Sims, D., Cotterell, S. Report Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates
Underwater Anthropogenic Sound: Understanding the potential impacts on the marine environment and the influence on crab larval behaviour Pine, M. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Invertebrates
Wave & Tidal Consenting Position Paper Series: Impacts on Fish and Shellfish Ecology Freeman, S., Hawkins, K., Kirby, A. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Fish, Invertebrates
Ultrastructural Damage of Loligo vulgaris and Illex coindetii statocysts after Low Frequency Sound Exposure Solé, M., Lenoir, M., Dufort, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates
Impact of Secondary Hard Substrate on the Distribution and Abundance of Aurelia aurita in the Western Baltic Sea Janßen, H., Augustin, C., Hinrichsen, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Does exposure to noise from human activities compromise sensory information from cephalopod statocysts? Solé, M., Lenoir, M., Durfort, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates
Deepwater Wind Block Island Environmental Assessment and Statement of Findings US Army Corps of Engineers Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Marine Renewable Energy Development: Assessing the Benthic Footprint at Multiple Scales Miller, R., Hutchison, Z., Macleod, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Benthic Community and Biological Trait Composition in Respect to Artificial Coastal Defence Structures: A Study Case in the Northern Adriatic Sea Munari, C. Journal Article Habitat Change Invertebrates, Ecosystem Processes
Planning Scotland's Seas: SEA of Plans for Wind, Wave and Tidal Power in Scottish Marine Waters Environmental Report APS Group Scotland Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
New York Department of State Offshore Atlantic Ocean Study New York Department of State Report Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions
Correlations Between Benthic Habitats and Demersal Fish Assemblages - A Case Study on the Dogger Bank (North Sea) Sell, A., Kröncke, I. Journal Article Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Noise Negatively Affects Foraging and Antipredator Behaviour in Shore Crabs Wale, M., Simpson, S., Radford, A. Journal Article Noise Invertebrates
Mobile Demersal Megafauna at Artificial Structures in the German Bight - Likely Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Development Krone, R., Gutow, L., Brey, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Diversity of Demersal and Megafaunal Assemblages Inhabiting Sandbanks of the Irish Sea Atalah, J., Fitch, J., Coughlan, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Fish, Demersal Fish
Wind Farm Potential is Higher in Prime Habitat for Uncommon Soil Crust Lichens Root, H., McCune, M., McCune, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Fish and Invertebrates - FY2012 Progress Report Woodruff, D., Cullinan, V., Copping, A. Report Marine Energy EMF Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Bioelectric Fields of Marine Organisms: Voltage and Frequency Contributions to Detectability by Electroreceptive Predators Bedore, C., Kajiura, S. Journal Article EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Epifauna Dynamics at an Offshore Foundation - Implications of Future Wind Power Farming in the North Sea Krone, R., Gutow, L., Joschko, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
ICES WGMBRED Report 2013: Report of the Working Group on Marine Benthal and Renewable Energy Developments (WGMBRED) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
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