Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2731

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Hornsea Project 2 Environmental Impact Assessment SMart Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Spatial Distribution of Wind Turbines is Crucial for the Survival of Red Kite Populations Schaub, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Assessing the risk of offshore wind farm development to migratory birds designated as features of UK Special Protection Areas (and other Annex 1 species) Wright, L., Ross-Smith, V., Austin, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
The impact of a central Apennine wind-farm Forconi, P., Fusari, M., Appiotti, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Turbine Height as a Management Tool for Collision Risk to Birds at Offshore Wind Farms Davies, I., Band, B. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Assessing the Sensitivity of Seabird Populations to Adverse Effects from Tidal Stream Turbines and Wave Energy Devices Furness, R., Wade, H., Robbins, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Baseline investigations of bats and birds at wind turbine test Centre Asterild Therkildsen, O., Elmeros, M., Kahlert, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Direct human-caused mortality of birds: improving quantification of magnitude and assessment of population impact Loss, S., Will, T., Marra, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision Birds
International importance of Extremadura, Spain, for overwintering migratory dabbling ducks: a role for reservoirs Navedo, J., Masero, J., Sanchez-Guzman, J. Journal Article Habitat Change Birds, Waterfowl
Impact of wind turbines on birds: a case study from Gujarat, India Kumar, S., Ali, A., Arun, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Assessment of Lesser Prairie-Chicken Lek Density Relative to Landscape Characteristics in Texas Timmer, J. Report Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Preliminary survey of avifauna around wind farm of Jangi region, Kutch District, Gujarat, India Ali, A., Kumar, S., Arun, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Some Clouds Have a Silver Lining: Paradoxes of Anthropogenic Perturbations from Study Cases on Long-Lived Social Birds Oro, D., Jimenez, J., Curco, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Final Cape Wind Avian and Bat Monitoring Plan ESS Group, Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
A Habitat-Based Wind-Wildlife Collision Model with Application to the Upper Great Plains Region Forcey, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Radar Monitoring of Migrating Pink-Footed Geese: Behavioural Responses to Offshore Wind Farm Development Plonczkier, P., Simms, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Scavenger removal: Bird and bat carcass persistence in a tropical wind farm Villegas-Patraca, R., Macias-Sanchez, S., Macgregor-Fors, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Foraging ranges of northern gannets Morus bassanus in relation to proposed offshore wind farms in the UK: 2011 Langston, R., Teuten, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
London Array Offshore Wind Farm Project - Aerial Bird Survey Report Winter 2010/11 & 2011/12 (Zones 1 & 2) APEM Ltd Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Aerial Survey of Seabirds: The Advent of Digital Methods Buckland, S., Burt, M., Rexstad, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Oregon State University and Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center Wave Energy Test Project US Department of Energy (DOE) Report Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
The Effect of Wind Power on Birds and Bats - A Synthesis Rydell, J., Engstrom, H., Hedenstrom, A. Report Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Topography drives migratory flight altitude of golden eagles: implications for on-shore wind energy development Katzner, T., Brandes, D., Miller, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Experimental Evidence for the Effect of Small Wind Turbine Proximity and Operation on Bird and Bat Activity Miderman, J., Pendlebury, C., Pearce-Higgins, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Wind and Wildlife in the Northern Great Plains: Identifying Low-Impact Areas for Wind Development Fargione, J., Kiesecker, J., Slaats, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Population Trends of Breeding Seabird Colonies in Scottish SPAs Malcolm, F., Lye, G., Lewis, M. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Population Sizes of Seabirds breeding in Scottish Special Protection Areas Lewis, M., Lye, G., Pendlebury, C. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Population Sizes of Seabirds Breeding in Scottish SPAs Lewis, M., Lye, G., Pendlebury, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Birds
Scoping study for tidal stream energy development in Scottish waters Davies, I., Gubbins, M., Watret, R. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Scoping Study For Offshore Wave Energy Development In Scottish Waters Davies, I., Gubbins, M., Watret, R. Report Marine Energy, Wave Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Appendix K Tetra Tech Bird Survey Report: Spring - Fall 2010 Avian and Bat Studies Report Lake Erie Wind Power Study Svedlow, A., Gilpatrick, L., McIlvain, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Humber Gateway OWF: Pre-construction Ornithological Monitoring Programme (OMP) Pendlebury, C., Garner, G., Walls, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Using a Shore Bird (Red Knot) Fitted with Geolocators to Evaluate a Conceptual Risk Model Focusing on Offshore Wind Burger, J., Niles, L., Porter, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Shorebirds, Birds
Visual Fields, Foraging and Collision Vulnerability in Gyps Vultures Martin, G., Portugal, S., Murn, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Building Capacity for Marine Hydrokinetic Energy: Atlas of Potential Synergistic and Conflicting Environmental, Ecological, and Human Use Considerations Dubbs, L., Voss, C., Von Korff, B. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Determination of Raptor Migratory Patterns Over a Large Landscape Seeland, H., Niemi, G., Regal, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
The trouble with turbines: An ill wind Subramanian, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Final Report on the Acoustic, Marine Mammal and Bird Monitoring Studies During Phase 1 Pile Driving Activities ORPC Maine Report Tidal, Marine Energy Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Birds
Effects on birds of Offshore Wind farm Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ): An overview and integration of insights obtained Hartman, J., Krijgsveld, K., Poot, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Cumulative Effects of Wind Farms in the Dutch North Sea on Bird Populations Poot, M., van Horssen, P., Collier, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Displaying 1881 - 1920 of 2731 results