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Birds

Birds - Seagull
A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2836

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Do migrating birds avoid offshore wind turbines? A method to investigate and analyze reactions of diurnally migrating birds to offshore wind farms Aumuller, R., Boos, K., Freienstein, S. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Proceedings of the Wind-Wildlife Research Meeting IX PNWWRM IX Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
The Avian Benefits of Wind Energy: A 2009 Update Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Searches for Dead Birds in Smøla Wind-Power Plant Area 2012: Annual Report Reitan, O. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Bald Eagle and Golden Eagle Mortalities at Wind Energy Facilities in the Contiguous United States Pagel, J., Kritz, K., Millsap, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Canadian Estimate of Bird Mortality Due to Collisions and Direct Habitat Loss Associated with Wind Turbine Developments Zimmerling, J., Pomeroy, A., d'Entremont, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Monitoring of wintering geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm region in winter 2012/2013 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Migratory Stopover of Songbirds in the Western Lake Erie Basin Johnson, P. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Will Ocean Energy Harm Marine Ecosystems? Hammar, L. Research Study Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
A Quantitative Method to Analyze the Quality of EIA Information in Wind Energy Development and Avian/Bat Assessments Chang, T., Nielsen, E., Auberle, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds, Bats
Bird Monitoring at Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea - Assessing Seabird Displacement Effects Vanermen, N., Stienen, E., Courtens, W. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
A synthesis of human-related avian mortality in Canada Calvert, A., Bishop, C., Elliot, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Interannual Home Range Variation, Territoriality and Overlap in Breeding Bonelli's Eagles (Aquila fasciata) Tracked by GPS Satellite Telemetry Perez-Garcia, J., Margalida, A., Afonso, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
An Analytical Impact Assessment Framework for Wildlife to Inform the Siting and Permitting of Wind Energy Facilities Schwartz, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Consequences of a Cumulative Perspective on Marine Environmental Impacts: Offshore Wind Farming and Seabirds at North Sea Scale in Context of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive Busch, M., Kannen, A., Garthe, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Physical Environment
Evaluations of Wind Potential in Dobrogea Plateau Sabafu, A., Tudor, D. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Bird migration monitoring in the Kaliakra region in autumn 2013, and analysis of potential impact after four years of operation Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Modelling Foraging Strategies in High Energy Environments (FORSITE) Chimienti, M., Bartoń, K., Scott, B. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Effect of wind energy development on breeding duck densities in the Prairie Pothole Region Loesch, C., Walker, J., Reynolds, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Waterfowl, Birds
Identifying migrant waterfowl and waterbird stopovers to inform wind energy development siting within Saginaw Bay Monfils, M., Gehring, J. Report Wind Energy Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
The avian and wildlife costs of fossil fuels and nuclear power Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds, Bats
Multibeam Imaging of the Environment Around Marine Renewable Energy Devices Williamson, B., Blondel, P. Journal Article Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Fish, Birds
Assessment of bat and avian mortality at a pilot wind turbine at Coega, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa Doty, A., Martin, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Summary of Environment Impact of Renewable Energy Resources Zhu, J., Cheung, K. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Birds, Fish
A Preliminary Overview of Monitoring for Raptors in Croatia Mazal, V., Mikulic, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Strategic Joint Industry Project No.1: Bird avoidance behavior and collision impact monitoring at Offshore Windfarms Marine Scotland Science, Scottish Government, UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
A Preliminary Overview of Monitoring for Raptors in Sweden Hellstrom, P., Helander, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Seabird Foraging Ranges as a Preliminary Tool for Identifying Candidate Marine Protected Areas Thaxter, C., Lascelles, B., Sugar, K. Journal Article Birds
Mohave County Wind Farm Eagle Conservation Plan and Bird Conservation Strategy Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Regional Analysis of Wind Turbine-caused Bat and Bird Fatality: Final Report Drake, D., Schumacher, S., Sponsler, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
An Overview of Monitoring for Raptors in Ireland Mee, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Bird and Bat Collision Risks & Wind Energy Facilities Willmott, J., Allison Costello, E., Gordon, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Population Dynamics and Movements of Translocated and Resident Greater Sage-Grouse on Anthro Mountain, Utah Gruber, N. Thesis Birds
Guidelines for a Sustainable Exploitation of Offshore Renewable Energy - Account on Seabird Species Cruz, E., Simas, T. Report Marine Energy Birds
An Overview of Monitoring for Raptors in Bulgaria Spasov, S., Arkumarev, V., Dobrev, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds
Rampion Offshore Wind: Environmental Statement E.ON Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Evaluation of the DTBird Video-System at the Smøla Wind-Power Plant: Detection Capabilities for Capturing Near-Turbine Avian Behaviour May, R., Hamre, Ø., Vang, R. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds
Horns Rev 2 Offshore Wind Farm Bird Monitoring Program 2010-2012 Skov, H., Leonhard, S., Heinänen, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Birds
A retrospective tiered Environmental Assessment of the Mount Storm Wind Energy Facility, West Virginia, USA Efroymson, R., Day, R., Strickland, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Experimental Chronic Noise Is Related to Elevated Fecal Corticosteroid Metabolites in Lekking Male Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) Blickley, J., Word, K., Krakauer, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds

Displaying 1921 - 1960 of 2836 results