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Birds

Birds - Seagull
A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2836

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Effects of Beipiao Wind Power Development Planning on Local Birds Ecosystem Wang, L., Jinghai, Z., Zhongqiang, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Using Wind Tunnels to Predict Bird Mortality in Wind Farms: The Case of Griffon Vultures de Lucas, M., Ferrer, M., Janss, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Acoustic Monitoring Techniques for Avian Detection and Classification Mirzaei, G., Majid, M., Ross, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Analysis of the Argyll Array Turbine Layout Iterations in Relation to Ornithological Constraints Bullman, R., Shaylon, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Identifying ecologically important marine areas for seabirds using behavioural information in combination with distribution patterns Camphuysen, K., Shamoun-Baranes, J., Bouten, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Impacts of wind farms on swans and geese: a review Rees, E. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Bird-Community Shifts in Relation to Wind Farms: A Case Study Comparing a Wind Farm, Croplands, and Secondary Forests in Southern Mexico Villegas-Patraca, R., Macgregor-Fors, I., Ortiz-Martinez, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Tracking seabirds to identify ecologically important and high risk marine areas in the western North Atlantic Montevecchi, W., Hedd, A., Tranquilla, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Bird Migration Monitoring in the AES Geo Power Wind Park Territory, Kaliakra Region, in Autumn 2012, and Analysis of Potential Impact after Three Years' Operation Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Birds
The Remote Environmental Assessment Laboratory's Acoustic Library: An Archive for Studying Soundscape Ecology Kasten, E., Gage, S., Fox, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds
East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm: Environmental Statement Environmental Resource Management Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Avian and Bat Protection Plan Including Bird and Bat Conservation Strategies and an Eagle Conservation Plan: New Era Wind Project Westwood Professional Services Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Searchlight Wind Energy Project Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Argyll Array Offshore Windfarm Report to Inform a Shadow Appropriate Assessment - Great Northern Diver Potential SPAs NIRAS Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Diurnal and nocturnal ranging behaviour by moorland-breeding Short-eared Owls Asio flammeus in Scotland Calladine, J., Morrison, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Wind development and wildlife mitigation in Wyoming: a primer Jakle, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Guidelines for Reducing Impacts to Wildlife from Wind Energy Development in Arizona Arizona Game and Fish Department Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Spatial Distribution of Wind Turbines is Crucial for the Survival of Red Kite Populations Schaub, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Hornsea Project 2 Environmental Impact Assessment SMart Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Modelled Sensitivity of Avian Collision Rate at Wind Turbines Varies with Number of Hours of Flight Activity Input Data Douglas, D., Follestad, A., Langston, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Assessing the risk of offshore wind farm development to migratory birds designated as features of UK Special Protection Areas (and other Annex 1 species) Wright, L., Ross-Smith, V., Austin, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
The impact of a central Apennine wind-farm Forconi, P., Fusari, M., Appiotti, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Turbine Height as a Management Tool for Collision Risk to Birds at Offshore Wind Farms Davies, I., Band, B. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Assessing the Sensitivity of Seabird Populations to Adverse Effects from Tidal Stream Turbines and Wave Energy Devices Furness, R., Wade, H., Robbins, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Baseline investigations of bats and birds at wind turbine test Centre Asterild Therkildsen, O., Elmeros, M., Kahlert, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Direct human-caused mortality of birds: improving quantification of magnitude and assessment of population impact Loss, S., Will, T., Marra, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision Birds
International importance of Extremadura, Spain, for overwintering migratory dabbling ducks: a role for reservoirs Navedo, J., Masero, J., Sanchez-Guzman, J. Journal Article Habitat Change Birds, Waterfowl
Impact of wind turbines on birds: a case study from Gujarat, India Kumar, S., Ali, A., Arun, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Assessment of Lesser Prairie-Chicken Lek Density Relative to Landscape Characteristics in Texas Timmer, J. Report Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Preliminary survey of avifauna around wind farm of Jangi region, Kutch District, Gujarat, India Ali, A., Kumar, S., Arun, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Some Clouds Have a Silver Lining: Paradoxes of Anthropogenic Perturbations from Study Cases on Long-Lived Social Birds Oro, D., Jimenez, J., Curco, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Final Cape Wind Avian and Bat Monitoring Plan ESS Group, Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
A Habitat-Based Wind-Wildlife Collision Model with Application to the Upper Great Plains Region Forcey, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Radar Monitoring of Migrating Pink-Footed Geese: Behavioural Responses to Offshore Wind Farm Development Plonczkier, P., Simms, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
London Array Offshore Wind Farm Project - Aerial Bird Survey Report Winter 2010/11 & 2011/12 (Zones 1 & 2) APEM Ltd Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
The Effect of Wind Power on Birds and Bats - A Synthesis Rydell, J., Engstrom, H., Hedenstrom, A. Report Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Scavenger removal: Bird and bat carcass persistence in a tropical wind farm Villegas-Patraca, R., Macias-Sanchez, S., Macgregor-Fors, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Foraging ranges of northern gannets Morus bassanus in relation to proposed offshore wind farms in the UK: 2011 Langston, R., Teuten, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Aerial Survey of Seabirds: The Advent of Digital Methods Buckland, S., Burt, M., Rexstad, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Oregon State University and Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center Wave Energy Test Project US Department of Energy (DOE) Report Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions

Displaying 1961 - 2000 of 2836 results