Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2812

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Modeling Wildlife Densities and Habitat Use Across Temporal and Spatial Scales on the Mid-Atlantic Continental Shelf: Annual Report for the First Budget Period Williams, K. Report Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Application of GIS and Spatial Analysis of Golden Eagle Fatalities Caused by Wind Turbines at the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Pinger, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Assessing Vulnerability of Marine Bird Populations to Offshore Wind Farms Furness, R., Wade, H., Masden, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Estimation of bird fatalities at wind farms with complex topography and vegetation in Hokkaido, Japan Kitano, M., Shiraki, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Visual Observations for Birds, Turtles, and Marine Mammals at the University of Maine Test Site near Monhegan, Maine. Kennedy, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions
High-Resolution Aerial Imaging Surveys of Marine Birds, Mammals, and Turtles on the US Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf - Utility Assessment, Methodology Recommendations, and Implementation Tools Normandeau Associates Inc Report Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Eagle Conservation Plan Guidance: Module 1 Land-based Wind Energy US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Avian and Bat Post-construction Monitoring at the Pinnacle Wind Farm, Mineral County, West Virginia, 2012 Hein, C., Prichard, A., Mabee, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Introduction: Wind-Energy Development and Wildlife Conservation Smallwood, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Comparing bird and bat fatality-rate estimates among North American wind-energy projects Smallwood, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds
White-Tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) at the Smøla Wind-Power Plant, Central Norway, Lack Behavioral Flight Responses to Wind Turbines Dahl, E., May, R., Hoel, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Behavior and Turbine Avoidance Rates of Eagles at Two Wind Farms in Tasmania, Australia Hull, C., Muir, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds
Birds and Wind Projects Across the Pond: A UK Perspective Langston, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Compensating White-Tailed Eagle Mortality at the Smøla Wind-Power Plant using Electrocution Prevention Measures Cole, S., Dahl, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Habitat Utilization in White-Tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) and the Displacement Impact of the Smøla Wind-Power Plant May, R., Nygård, T., Dahl, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
A Description of the Biosis Model to Assess Risk of Bird Collisions with Wind Turbines Smales, I., Muir, S., Meredith, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
New Discoveries in Landbird Migration using Geolocators, and a Flight Plan for the Future McKinnon, E., Fraser, K., Stutchbury, B. Journal Article Birds
Understanding Landscape Patterns of Temporal Variability in Avian Populations to Improve Environmental Impact Assessments Milne, R., Bennett, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Modeling Carcass Removal Time for Avian Mortality Assessment in Wind Farms Using Survival Analysis Bispo, R., Bernardino, J., Marques, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Remote Sensing Image Data and Automated Analysis to Describe Marine Bird Distributions and Abundances Groom, G., Stjernholm, M., Nielsen, R. Journal Article Birds
Avian and Bat Assessment at the Lewes Wind Turbine University of Delaware College of Earth, Ocean and Environment Buler, J., Horton, K., Shriver, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Individual Consistency in the Foraging Behaviour of Northern Gannets: Implications for Interactions with Offshore Renewable Energy Developments Soanes, L., Atkinson, P., Gauvain, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Hatchet Ridge Wind Farm Post-Construction Mortality Monitoring Year Two Annual Report Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Project-Specific Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Tule Reduced Ridgeline Wind Project Tule Wind Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Ornithology Technical Report for the proposed Dogger Bank Creyke Beck Offshore Wind Farm projects Burton, N., Thaxter, C., Cook, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Measuring the Insecurity Index of species in networks of protected areas using species distribution modeling and fuzzy logic: The case of raptors in Andalusia Diaz-Gomez, D., Toxopeus, A., Groen, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment Dong Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
The New Zealand Falcon and Wind Farms: A Risk Assessment Framework Seaton, R., Barea, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Post-Construction Avian Mortality Monitoring at Project West Wind Bull, L., Fuller, S., Sim, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Avian Collisions at Two Wind Farms in Tasmania, Australia: Taxonomic and Ecological Characteristics of Colliders Versus Non-Colliders Hull, C., Stark, E., Peruzzo, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Impacts of Wind Energy Developments on Wildlife: A Southern Hemisphere Perspective Parsons, S., Battley, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Estimating Bird and Bat Fatality at Wind Farms: A Practical Overview of Estimators, their Assumptions and Limitations Bernardino, J., Bispo, R., Costa, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Fall of Warness Wildlife Observations Methodology European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) Report Birds, Marine Mammals
Optimizing Wind Power Generation while Minimizing Wildlife Impacts in an Urban Area Bohrer, G., Zhu, K., Jones, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Offshore Obstruction Lighting - Issues and Mitigation Blew, J., Nehls, G., Prall, U. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Lighting Birds
Planner's Dilemma - How to handle Birds and Bats in the Planning Process of Wind Farms Reichenbach, M. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Best Practice Ecological Analysis Methods for Offshore Wind in UK: Case study: Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm – An integrated approach the Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan (MEMP) Walls, R., Shenton, S., Knott, E. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Integrating applied ecology and planning policy: the case of micro-turbines and wildlife conservation Park, K., Turner, A., Minderman, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Improving Methods for Estimating Fatality of Birds and Bats at Wind Energy Facilities Warren-Hicks, W., Newman, J., Wolpert, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Danish Offshore Wind Key Environmental Issues - A Follow-up Danish Energy Agency, Danish Nature Agency, Dong Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Displaying 1841 - 1880 of 2812 results