Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2812

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Bird Impact Analysis of a Composite Wind Turbine Blade Tejas, K., Prashanth, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Tidal Energy Demonstration Site – Minas Passage, 2016‐2017 Envirosphere Consultants Ltd Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Seabirds
Match Between Soaring Modes of Black Kites and the Fine-Scale Distribution of Updrafts Santos, C., Hanssen, F., Muñoz, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Stereo-Optic High Definition Imaging: A New Technology to Understand Bird and Bat Avoidance of Wind Turbines Adams, E., Burns, S., Dorr, C. Report Wind Energy Birds, Bats
Remotely sensed wind speed predicts soaring behaviour in a wide-ranging pelagic seabird Gibb, R., Shoji, A., Fayet, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Seabirds
Comparative Studies Reveal Variability in the use of Tidal Stream Environments by Seabirds Waggitt, J., Robbins, A., Wade, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Wing Kinematics and Flexibility for Optimal Manoeuvring and Escape Wong, J. Thesis Birds
Interpreting failure to reject the null hypothesis of displacement from wind turbines in three species of grassland birds: Response to Johnson (2016) Hale, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Passerines, Birds
Seabird Ecology in High-Energy Environments: Approaches to Assessing Impacts of Marine Renewables Robbins, A. Thesis Marine Energy Collision Seabirds, Birds
Feasibility Study for Meta-Analysis of Red-Throated Diver Displacement Dirksen, S., Coppack, T., Searle, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Performance test and verification of an off-the-shelf automated avian radar tracking system May, R., Steinheim, Y., Kvaløy, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Sample size required to characterize area use of tracked seabirds Thaxter, C., Clark, N., Ross-Smith, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Predation risk: a potential mechanism for effects of a wind energy facility on Greater Prairie-Chicken survival Smith, J., Brown, M., Harrison, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Do Terrestrial Animals Avoid Areas Close to Turbines in Functioning Wind Farms in Agricultural Landscapes? Łopucki, R., Klich, D., Gielarek, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Modeling the spatial effects of disturbance: a constructive critique to provide evidence of ecological thresholds Powell, L., Brown, M., Smith, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Windy Business: Exploring a Local Wind Power Project in Germany Dennis, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Impact of Windmills and Power Lines on Birds: A Case Study at Porbandar Taluka, Gujarat-India Suthar, A., Rathod, J., Singh, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Possible Behavioural, Energetic and Demographic Effects of Displacement of Red-throated Divers Dierschke, V., Furness, R., Gray, C. Report Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Relationship between the Intensity of Nocturnal Migration Measured by Radar and the Anthropogenic Mortality of Birds Michev, B., Zehtindjiev, P., Marinov, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Second year post-construction monitoring of bats and birds at Wind Turbine Test Centre Østerild Therkildsen, O., Elmeros, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
JNCC Report No. 605: Possible Behavioural, Energetic and Demographic Effects of Displacement of Red-throated Divers Dierschke, V., Furness, R., Gray, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Long Search Intervals Underestimate Bird and Bat Fatalities Caused by Wind Turbines Smallwood, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Seabirds? What seabirds? An exploratory study into the origin of seabirds visiting the SE North Sea and their survival bottlenecks Leopold, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
A Markov Model for Planning and Permitting Offshore Wind Energy: A Case Study of Radio-Tracked Terns in the Gulf of Maine, USA Cranmer, A., Smetzer, J., Welch, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) can detect auditory cues while diving Hansen, K., Maxwell, A., Siebert, U. Journal Article Noise Birds, Seabirds
Pre-Construction Breeding Bird Surveys Number Three Wind Energy Project Lewis County, New York Bay, K., Fritchman, C., Ritzert, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Automated bird acoustic event detection and robust species classification Zhao, Z., Zhang, S., Xu, Z. Journal Article Birds
Differential Recovery of Habitat Use by Birds after Wind Farm Installation: A Multi-Year Comparison Farfan, M., Duarte, J., Real, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds
High-resolution sea duck distribution modeling: Relating aerial and ship survey data to food resources, anthropogenic pressures, and topographic variables Heinänen, S., Zydelis, R., Dorsch,M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
The Influence of Wind Energy Development on Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus) Breeding Season Ecology in Eastern Idaho Proett, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Interacciones entre la Fauna Silvestre y la Energía Eólica en Argentina: Conocimiento Científico y Prioridades para el Futuro Palmer, R., Pettraci, P.F., Gordon, C. Report Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 1. Onshore: Potential Effects Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals
Seabirds as samplers of the marine environment - a case study of northern gannets Garthe, S., Peschko, V., Kubetzki, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 2. Onshore: Monitoring and Mitigation Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Review and analysis of tracking data to delineate flight characteristics and migration routes of birds over the Southern North Sea Gyimesi, A., Evans, T., Linnebjerg, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Red Kite Mammen, K., Mammen, U., Resetaritz, A. Book Chapter Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Attraction Raptors, Birds
Behavioural Observations of White-Tailed Sea Eagles in the Vicinity of Wind Turbines Grunkorn, T., Gippert, M., Treu, G. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Calculation of the Probability of a Collision of Territorial Birds of Prey with Wind Turbines Rasran, L., Grajetzky, B., Mammen, U. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Impacts of Wind Turbines on the Population and Nest Site Selection of the Montagu’s Harrier in North Frisia Rasran, L., Thomsen, K. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Collisions of Birds of Prey with Wind Turbines - Analysis of the Circumstances Rasran, L., Durr, T. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Displaying 1321 - 1360 of 2812 results