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Birds

Birds - Seagull
A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2836

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Evaluating a Commercial-Ready Technology for Raptor Detection and Deterrence at a Wind Energy Facility in California Terrill, S., Howell, J., Smith, J. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
No evidence of long-term displacement of key wildlife species from wave and tidal energy testing Long, C. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Cumulative Adverse Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Wildlife [Thesis] Goodale, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Movement patterns of white‐tailed sea eagles near wind turbines Krone, O., Treu, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Potential Interaction Analysis of Offshore Wind Energy Areas and Breeding Avian Species on the US Mid-Atlantic Coast Wisman, J., Maxwell, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Assessing space use by pre-breeding white-tailed eagles in the context of wind-energy development in Finland Balotari-Chiebao, F., Brommer, J., Saurola, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Quantifying avian avoidance of offshore wind turbines: Current evidence and key knowledge gaps Cook, A., Humphreys, E., Bennet, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Evaluating habitat, prey, and mesopredator associations in a community of marine birds Goyert, H., Gardner, B., Veit, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Modeling golden eagle‐vehicle collisions to design mitigation strategies Lonsdorf, E., Sanders-Reed, C., Boal, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Golden Eagle Conservation Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility Ocotillo Express Guidance Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Using network analysis to identify indicator species and reduce collision fatalities at wind farms Sebastian-Gonzalez, E., Perez-Garcia, J., Carrete, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Estimating Seabird Flight Height using LiDAR Cook, A., Ward, R., Hansen, W. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Trialling a Seabird Sensitivity Mapping Tool for Marine Renewable Energy Developments in Ireland Burke, B. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Automated monitoring for birds in flight: Proof of concept with eagles at a wind power facility McClure, C., Marinson, L., Allison, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Marine Seabirds Monitoring Program: Tidal Energy Demonstration Site – Minas Passage, Year‐2: 2017 – 2018 Stewart, P., Kendall, V., Lavender, F. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Seabirds
Icebreaker Wind Aerial Survey Waterbird Report Stucker, J., Carlisle, J., Pham, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Impactos ambientales de la energía eólica Hernández Galvez, G, Pampillón González, L, Hernández Almenares, L Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Resolving environmental effects of wind energy Sinclair, K., Copping, A., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Modelling golden eagle habitat selection and flight activity in their home ranges for safer wind farm planning Tikkanen, H., Rytkönen, S., Karlin, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Supergen Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) Hub Greaves, D. Research Study Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results of Lease Area OCS-A 0512 Equinor Quarterly Report: February 2018 to April 2018 Jervis, L., Warford, S., Willmott, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Environmental Sensitivity and Associated Risk to Habitats and Species Offshore Central California and Hawaii from Offshore Floating Wind Technologies Morandi, A., Berkman, S., Rowe, J. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Wind farms affect the occurrence, abundance and population trends of small passerine birds: The case of the Dupont's lark Gomez-Catasus, J., Garza, V., Traba, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Passerines, Birds
Improving estimation of flight altitude in wildlife telemetry studies Poessel, S., Duerr, A., Hall, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Behaviour related flight speeds of Sandwich Terns and their implications for wind farm collision rate modelling and impact assessment Fijn, R., Gyimesi, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Seabirds, Birds
Cape Vulture and Wind Farms: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation Pfeiffer, M., Ralston-Paton, S. Guidance Wind Energy Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Fixed Point Raptor Migration Survey at the National Wind Technology Center: April 2010 Ryon, T., Brenda, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
South Fork Wind Farm COP Appendix Q: Avian and Bat Risk Assessment Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Seabirds
Potential biological removal of white-tailed eagles and its application to environmental impact assessment for wind farms in Japan Matsuda, H., Tani, K., Shimada, Y. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
How many observation days are needed to reliably describe bird migration? Tanskanen, A., Yrjola, R., Baum, U. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Modeling At-Sea Density of Marine Birds to Support Atlantic Marine Renewable Energy Planning Winship, A., Kinlan, B., White, T. Report Marine Energy Birds
A review of searcher efficiency and carcass persistence in infrastructure-driven mortality assessment studies Barrientos, R., Martins, R., Ascensão, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
Enabling Future Arrays in Tidal: Y1 Environmental Monitoring Report Smith, K., Simpson, N. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Hywind Tampen vindpark. Vurdering av konsekvenser for sjøfugl. Moe, B., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Follestad, A. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Effects of wind farms on the spatial distribution of Guillemots Zuur, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Short-Term Behavioural Responses of Wintering Waterbirds to Marine Activity Jarrett, D., Cook, A., Woodward, I. Report Avoidance, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Impact of wind farms on soaring bird populations at a migratory bottleneck Martin, B., Perez-Bacalu, C., Onrubia, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
The Ornithodolite as a tool to quantify animal space use and habitat selection: a case study with birds diving in tidal waters Cole, E., Waggitt, J., Hedenstrom, A. Journal Article Marine Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Is bird conservation a barrier to wind energy? Aversa, I., Polizel, J., Montaño, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Field validation of radar systems for monitoring bird migration Nilsson, C., Dokter, A., Schmid, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds

Displaying 1201 - 1240 of 2836 results