Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2731

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Benchmarking sensor fusion capabilities of an integrated instrumentation package Cotter, E., Murphy, P., Polagye, B. Journal Article Marine Energy Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy First Annual Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
The Effects of Wind Power on Birds and Bats: An Updated Synthesis Report Rydell, J., Ottvall, R., Pettersson, S. Report Wind Energy Birds, Bats
Bird Detection and Species Classification with Time-Lapse Images around a Wind Farm: Dataset Construction and Evaluation Yoshihashi, R., Kawakami, R., Iida, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
2016-2017 Status Assessment and Update on the Wind Vision Roadmap DeMeo, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Raptors
SafeWind Chiro - Evaluation of the activity of chiroptera near wind turbines by video detection Roche, H., Valles, F., Goutorbe, E. Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Bird migration monitoring in the Saint Nikola Wind Farm, Kaliakra region, in autumn 2017, and an analysis of potential impact after eight years of operation Zehtindjiev, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
New York State Offshore Wind Master Plan: Birds and Bats Study Ecology and Environment, Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
East Anglia TWO Offshore Windfarm Scoping Report ScottishPower Renewables Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Responses of Two Marine Top Predators to an Offshore Wind Farm Vallejo, G., Grellier, K., Nelson, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Scavenger removal of bird carcasses at simulated wind turbines: Does carcass type matter? DeVault, T., Seamans, T., Linnell, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
New York State Offshore Wind Master Plan: Environmental Sensitivity Analysis Ecology and Environment Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Applying citizen-science data and mark–recapture models to estimate numbers of migrant Golden Eagles in an Important Bird Area in eastern North America Dennhardt, A., Duerr, A., Brandes, D. Journal Article Raptors, Birds
The song of Skylarks Alauda arvensis indicates the deterioration of an acoustic environment resulting from wind farm start‐up Szymanski, P., Deoniziak, K., Losak, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Sourced Electric Production for the Province of Sinop/Turkey Alcan, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Breeding density, fine-scale tracking, and large-scale modeling reveal the regional distribution of four seabird species Wakefield, E., Owen, E., Baer, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Density dependence and marine bird populations: are wind farm assessments precautionary? Horswill, C., O'Brien, S., Robinson, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Industrial Wind Turbine Post-Construction Bird and Bat Monitoring: A Policy Framework for Canada Parisé, J., Walker, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
From Agricultural Benefits to Aviation Safety: Realizing the Potential of Continent-Wide Radar Networks Bauer, S., Chapman, J., Reynolds, D. Journal Article Birds
Multisensor Acoustic Tracking of Fish and Seabird Behavior Around Tidal Turbine Structures in Scotland Williamson, B., Fraser, S., Blondel, P. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Seabirds, Fish, Birds
Offshore wind farms and birds: incorporating uncertainty in collision risk models: a test of Masden (2015) Trinder, M. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds
Using GPS Transmitters to Explore Movement Ecology and to Assess Risk of the Wind Energy Industry for Swainson's Hawks Watson, K., Boal, C., Groen, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Book of Abstracts of the Xth International Symposium on Wild Fauna (ISoWiF 2017) Monzón, A., Chaves, R., Teixeira, A. Conference Paper Birds
Estimating Bird and Bat Fatality at Wind Farms: From Formula-Based Methods to Models to Assess Impact Significance Marqués, J., Rodrigues, L., Silva, M. Book Chapter Wind Energy Birds, Bats
Impacts of On-shore Wind Farms in Wildlife Communities: Direct Fatalities and Indirect Impacts (Behavioural and Habitat Effects) Pereira, P., Salgueiro, N., Mesquita, S. Book Chapter Wind Energy Terrestrial Mammals, Birds, Bats
An Overview on Methods to Assess Bird and Bat Collision Risk in Wind Farms Rodrigues, S., Rosa, L., Mascarenhas, M. Book Chapter Wind Energy Collision Birds, Bats
Wind Industry in Portugal and Its Impacts on Wildlife: Special Focus on Spatial and Temporal Distribution on Bird and Bat Fatalities Marqués, J., Rodrigues, S., Ferriera, R. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Golden Eagle Diets in the Western United States, with Implications for Conservation Planning Kochert, M., Watson, J., Steenhof, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Bird and Bat Species' Global Vulnerability to Collision Mortality at Wind Farms Revealed Through a Trait-Based Assessment Thaxter, C., Buchanan, G., Carr, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Flight status of seabirds around the Choshi offshore windmill Ueda, M., Shimada, Y., Naga, T. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Seabirds
Golden Eagles in a Changing World Collopy, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
The intertidal wetlands of southern Jiangsu Province, China – globally important for Spoon-billed Sandpipers and other threatened waterbirds, but facing multiple serious threats Peng, H., Anderson, G., Chang, Q. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Shorebirds
Golden Eagle Diet Breadth and Reproduction in Relation to Fluctuations in Primary Prey Abundance in Wyoming's Bighorn Basin Preston, C., Jones, R., Horton, N. Journal Article Raptors, Birds
A Review of Options for Mitigating Take of Golden Eagles at Wind Energy Facilities Allison, T., Cochrane, J., Lonsdorf, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Testing and Validating Metrics of Change Produced by Population Viability Analysis (PVA) Jitlal, M., Burthe, S., Freeman, S. Report Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Greater Sage-Grouse: Overview and Effects of Wind Energy Development National Wind Coordinating Collaborative Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
CEDREN Final Report Centre for Environmental Design of Renewable Energy (CEDREN) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Fish
Towards energy landscapes – “Pathfinder for sustainable wind power locations” Eichhorn, M., Tafarte, P., Thran, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
No Substitute for Survival: Perturbation Analyses Using a Golden Eagle Population Model Reveal Limits to Managing for Take Tack, J., Fedy, B., Noon, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Testing for errors in estimating bird mortality rates at wind farms and power lines Farfan, M., Duarte, J., Fa, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Displaying 1201 - 1240 of 2731 results