Skip to main content

Birds

Birds - Seagull
A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2836

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Results of the EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment of the extraction of marine aggregates in the exploration zone of the Belgian Part of the North Sea De Sutter, R., Mathys, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Social & Economic Data
Environmental Scoping Report Westray South Tidal Array SSE Renewables Report Marine Energy, Tidal Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Spatial Factors Affecting Statistical Power in Testing Marine Fauna Displacement Lapeña, B., Wijnberg, K., Stein, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Birds
Environmental Science Panel for Marbled Murrelet Underwater Noise Injury Threshold Science Applications International Corporation Report Noise Birds, Seabirds
A Review of Methods to Monitor Collisions or Micro-Avoidance of Birds with Offshore Wind Turbines - Part 1: Review Strategic Ornithological Support Services Project Collier, M., Dirksen, S., Krijgsveld, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Dogs as a Tool to Improve Bird-Strike Mortality Estimates at Wind Farms Paula, J., Leal, M., Silva, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds
Environmental Aspects of Developing Ireland’s Atlantic Marine Energy Test Site (AMETS) Kavanagh, P., Fielding, M., Scally, L. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Marine Mammals
Seabird Conservation and Tidal Stream and Wave Power Generation: Information Needs for Predicting and Managing Potential Impacts Langton, R., Davies, I., Scott, B. Journal Article Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Habitat Change Seabirds, Birds
Guidance on Survey and Monitoring in Relation to Marine Renewable Deployments in Scotland - Draft Reports Royal Haskoning Report Marine Energy Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Review of Recent Literature Relevant to the Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Devices 2011 Kropp, R. Report Marine Energy Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
GIS-based wind farm site selection using spatial multi-criteria analysis (SMCA): Evaluating the case for New York State van Haaren, R., Fthenakis, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Aerial surveys of seabirds in the Dutch North Sea May 2010- April 2011 Poot, M., Fijn, R., Jonkvorst, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Assessing Bird and Bat Mortality at the Forward Energy Center Grodsky, S., Drake, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Intersectoral Assessment of Impacts on Seabirds - Baseline Report for an Integrated Management Plan for the North Sea and Skagerrak Gasbjerg, G., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Lorentsen, S. Report Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Effects of the Construction of Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm on the Prey Base of Little Tern Sternula albifons at its Most Important UK Colony Perrow, M., Gilroy, J., Skeate, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish
Using Stakeholder Input to Develop a Comparative Risk Assessment for Wildlife from the Life Cycles of Six Electrical Generation Fuels Zillioux, E., Newman, J., Lampman, G. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Stakeholder Engagement, Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Joint Fact Finding and Stakeholder Consensus Building at the Altamont Wind Resource Area in California Bartlett, G. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds
ID Stat: Innovative Technology for Assessing Wildlife Collisions with Wind Turbines Delprat, B., Alcuri, G. Report Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
The effects of wind turbines on white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus Albicilla) in Hokkaido, Japan Shiraki, S., Kitano, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Night Migration of Songbirds and Waterfowl at the Utgrunden Off-Shore Wind Farm: A Radar-Assisted Study in Southern Kalmar Sound Pettersson, J., Fågelvind, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Passerines, Waterfowl
Integration and Validation of Avian Radars (IVAR) Brand, M., Key, G., Nohara, T. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Raptor mortality in wind farms of southern Spain: mitigation measures on a major migration bottleneck area Gallego, A., Lucas, M., Casado, E. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Assessing Avian-Wind Turbine Collision Risk: An Approach Angle Dependent Model Holmstrom, L., Hamer, T., Colclazier, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Simulation-based impact assessment of offshore wind farms on seabirds Lapeña, B., Wijnberg, K., Hulscher, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds
Comprehensive Guide to Studying Wind Energy Wildlife Interactions Strickland, D., Arnett, E., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
A Conflict of Greens: Green Development Versus Habitat Preservation - The Case of Incheon, South Korea Ko, Y., Schubert, D., Hester, R. Magazine Article Tidal, Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Birds
Effects of Weather on Avian Migration at Proposed Ridgeline Wind Energy Sites Thomas, P., Labrosse, A., Pomeroy, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Raptors, Birds
Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulations Assessment - Screening for Likely Significant Effects Dewar, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Risks to Birds and Wildlife from Offshore Wind Farms: BOEMRE NC Task Force Peterson, C. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Linking Turbine Collision Risks with Population Models to Assess Cumulative Impacts of Multiple Wind Farms on Threatened Birds Smales, I., Muir, S., Meredith, C. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Modelling Seabird Collision Risk with Off-Shore Wind Farms Mateos, M., Arroyo, G., Rosario, J. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Wind Energy's Subtle Effect - Habitat Fragmentation Pruett, J. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Appropriate assessment of plans and projects for Croatian National Ecological Network - utilization of bird and bat impact zonation in the southern coastal part of Croatia Schneider, D., Trenc, N., Ivičić, B. Presentation Wind Energy Bats, Birds
A Multi-Method Approach to Determine the Impact of Existing Wind Power Plants on Bird and Bat Migration on the Island of Fehmarn, Germany Reichenbach, M., Grunkorn, T. Presentation Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Compliance Monitoring Of Underwater Blasting For Rock Removal At Warrior Point, Columbia River Channel Improvement Project Carlson, T., Johnson, G., Woodley, C. Report Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Measuring the interaction between marine features of Special Protection Areas with offshore wind farm development zones through telemetry: first breeding season report Thaxter, C., Ross-Smith, V., Clark, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Characteristics of Soaring Birds' Spring Migration over Inland SE Bulgaria Shurulinkov, P., Daskalova, G., Chakarov, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Shorebirds, Raptors, Birds
Collision Risk in White-Tailed Eagles Modelling Kernel-Based Collision Risk Using Satellite Telemetry Data in Smøla Wind-Power Plant May, R., Nygård, T., Dahl, E. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Identifying a Range of Options to Prevent or Reduce Avian Collision with Offshore Wind Farms using a UK-Based Case Study Cook, A., Ross-Smith, V., Roos, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Avian, Bat and Habitat Cumulative Impacts Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Of Eastern Washington and Oregon 2011 Johnson, G., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors

Displaying 2121 - 2160 of 2836 results