Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2731

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Changes in the Abundance and Distribution of Upland Breeding Birds at an Operational Wind Farm Douglas, D., Bellamy, P., Pearce-Higgins, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Shorebirds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Wind Power Compensation is not for the Birds: An Opinion from an Environmental Economist Cole, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
NedPower Mount Storm Wind Energy Facility Post-Construction Avian and Bat Monitoring Young, D. Jr., Nomani, S., Tidhar, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Foraging ranges of northern gannets Morus bassanus in relation to proposed offshore wind farms in the UK Langston, R., Boggio, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Post-Construction Bird and Bat Mortality Study: Cedar Ridge Wind Farm, Fond Du Lac County, Wisconsin BHE Environmental Inc Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
State of the Washington Coast: Ecology, Management, and Research Priorities Skewgar, E., Dethier, M., Pearson, S. Report Marine Energy Chemicals Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Year 1 Post-construction Avian and Bat Monitoring Report: Biglow Canyon Wind Farm Phase II Sherman County, Oregon Enk, T., Bay, K., Sonnenberg, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Local Birds in and around the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ) Leopold, M., Dijkman, E., Teal, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Risk Evaluation for Federally Listed (Roseate Tern, Piping Plover) or Candidate (Red Knot) Bird Species in Offshore Waters: A First Step for Managing the Potential Impacts of Wind Facility Development on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Burger, J., Gordon, C., Lawrence, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Shorebirds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Birds
Seabird Surveys at Ireland’s Atlantic Marine Energy Test Site (AMETS) Hunt, J., Beaubier, J., McLoughlin, D. Report Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Seabirds
Investigation on Design for a 500 W Wind Turbine Composite Blade Considering Impact Damage Kong, C., Choi, S., Park, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Cantabrian Capercaillie signs disappeared after a wind farm construction Gonzalez, M., Ena, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Monitoring of Wintering Geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm "Sveti Nikola" Territory and the Kaliakra Region in Winter 2010/2011 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
FORCE Environmental Effects Monitoring Report September 2009 to January 2011 Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Collision risk of White-fronted Geese with wind turbines Sugimoto, H., Matsuda, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors, Waterfowl
The implementation of the Birds and Habitats Directives in estuaries and coastal zones European Commission Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Appropriate Assessment Screening for AMETS, Co. Mayo Scally, L. Research Study Wave, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Comparing Pre- and Post-Construction Distributions of Long-Tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis in and around the Nysted Offshore Wind Farm, Denmark: A Quasi-Designed Experiment Accounting for Imperfect Detection, Local Surface Features and Autocorrelation Petersen, I., Mackenzie, M., Rexstad, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Waterfowl, Birds
Flow, Water Column & Benthic Ecology 4D (FLOWBEC) Blondel, P., Bryden, I., Conley, D. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow Birds, Fish, Invertebrates
Birkhühner Tetrao tetrix (Linnaeus 1758): Ein Leben zwischen Windrädern und Schiliften Grunschachner-Berger, V., Kainer, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Wind energy developments and Natura 2000 European Union Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Meeting Europe's Renewable Energy Targets in Harmony with Nature BirdLife Europe Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Birds
Demography of Female Greater Prairie-Chickens in Unfragmented Grasslands in Kansas Augustine, J., Sandercock, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Selected findings from the baseline and targeted monitoring Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Bird migration monitoring in the AES Geo Power Wind Park territory, Kaliakra region, in autumn 2011, and an evaluation of a potential “barrier effect” after two years of operation Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Passerines, Birds
Pre- and Post-Construction Studies of Conflicts Between Birds and Wind Turbines in Coastal Norway (BirdWind) Report on Findings 2007-2010 Bevanger, K., Berntsen, F., Clausen, S. Report Wind Energy Shorebirds, Raptors, Passerines, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Response of Raptors to a Windfarm Garvin, J., Jennelle, C., Drake, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Reedsport OPT Environmental Assessment Ocean Power Technologies (OPT) Report Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Night Migrant Fatalities And Obstruction Lighting At Wind Turbines In North America Kerlinger, P., Gehring, J., Erickson, W. Journal Article Wind Energy Lighting, Collision Birds
Samlet belastning av vindkraftutbygging på fugl: standardvilkår for for- og etterundersøkelser May, R., Dahl, E., Follestad, A. Report Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Physical Environment
Patterns of Bird and Bat Fatality at the Locust Ridge II Wind Farm, Pennsylvania Arnett, E., Schirmacher, M., Hein, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Potential impact of wind farms on territories of large eagles in southeastern Spain Martinez, J., Calvo, J., Zuberogoita, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Pre-Wind Energy Development Assessment of the Avian Community in the Central Texas Panhandle Wulf, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Collision Risk in White-Tailed Eagles: Modelling Collision Risk Using Vantage Point Observations in Smøla Wind-Power Plant May, R., Hoel, P., Langston, R. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Evaluating Effects of Stressors - Fiscal Year 2010 Progress Report: Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Anderson, R., Copping, A., Van Cleve, F. Report Marine Energy Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish, Birds
Minimizing Collision Risk Between Migrating Raptors and Marine Wind Farms: Development of a Spatial Planning Tool Baisner, A., Andersen, J., Findsen, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Avian and Bat Risk Assessment for the Montezuma II Wind Project, Solano County, California ICF International Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm: Diver Surveys 2009-10 Percival, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Waterfowl
A call-independent and automatic acoustic system for the individual recognition of animals: A novel model using four passerines Cheng, J., Sun, Y., Ji, L. Journal Article Passerines, Birds
Bird Collisions with Power Lines: Failing to See the Way Ahead? Martin, G., Shaw, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Displaying 2081 - 2120 of 2731 results