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Birds

Birds - Seagull
A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2949

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Environmental Impact Assessment of the Danish Wave Energy Center Margheritini, L., Azzellino, A. Research Study Marine Energy, Wave Changes in Flow, EMF, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Evaluating Acoustic Technologies to Monitor Aquatic Organisms at Renewable Energy Sites Horne, J., Parker-Stetter, S., Fresh, K. Report Marine Energy Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Monitoring of wintering geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm 2011/2012 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Flight Call Rates of Migrating Thrushes: Effects of Wind Conditions, Humidity and Time of Day at an Illuminated Offshore Platform Hüppop, O., Hilgerloh, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Attraction Passerines, Birds
Migration pathways, migration speeds and non-breeding areas used by northern hemisphere wintering Red Knots Calidris canutus of the subspecies rufa Niles, L., Burger, J., Porter, R. Journal Article Birds, Shorebirds
Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm 2010 Construction Environmental Monitoring Report Saunders, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Noise Birds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals
Examining Between-Year Natural Variation in Seabird Numbers and Distribution at an Offshore Wind Farm Development Site Barton, C., Poot, M., Crutchfield, Z. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Birds, Seabirds
Development of a Comprehensive Conservation Strategy for the North Shore Region of Minnesota in the Context of Future Wind Power Development Peterson, A., Niemi, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Passerines, Raptors
A Report on National Greater Sage-Grouse Conservation Measures Sage-grouse National Technical Team Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Avian and Bat Protection Plan: AWA Goodhue Wind Project Westwood Professional Services Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Marine Wind Farms and Seabirds: Updated National Screening of Potential Conflict Areas Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Lorentsen, S., Hanssen, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Bird and Bird Habitats: Guidelines for Wind Power Projects Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Keeping the West Wild: Conservation and Rapid Energy Development Fargione, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Enhancing Carcass Removal Trials at Three Wind Energy Facilities in Portugal Bernardino, J., Bispo, R., Torres, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
A new method to determine bird and bat fatality at wind energy turbines from carcass searches Korner-Nievergelt, F., Korner-Nievergelt, P., Behr, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Greening the Wind: Environmental and Social Considerations for Wind Power Development Ledec, G., Rapp, K., Aiello, R. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions, Ecosystem Processes, Birds, Bats
Autumn migration of soaring birds through the Gebel El Zeit Important Bird Area (IBA), Egypt, threatened by wind farm projects Hilgerloh, G., Michalik, A., Raddatz, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
The State of the UK's Birds 2011 Eaton M., Balmer, D., Cuthbert, R. Report Shorebirds, Seabirds, Passerines, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Migratory Bird Research for the Proposed County Line Wind Energy Site: Fall 2011 Field Season Gehring, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Effect Studies Offshore Wind Egmond aan Zee: Cumulative Effects on Seabirds - A Modelling Approach to Estimate Effects on Population Levels in Seabirds Poot, M., van Horssen, P., Collier, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Effect Studies Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee - Final Report on Fluxes, Flight Altitudes and Behaviour of Flying Birds Krijgsveld, K., Fljn, R., Japink, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Wind Energy and Wildlife Research at the Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Phillips, S. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Raptors
Effects of wind farms and food scarcity on a large scavenging bird species following an epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy Martinez-Abrain, A., Tavecchia, G., Regan, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan (MEMP): Ecological Analysis Data Wells, R., Shenton, S. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Light-Induced Bird Strikes on Vessels in Southwest Greenland Merkel, F., Johansen, K. Journal Article Lighting, Vessel Strike Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Report on a Red-throated Diver Agent-Based Model to Assess the Cumulative Impact from Offshore Wind Farms Topping, C., Petersen, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Waterfowl, Birds
Migration routes of Whooper Swans and geese in relation to wind farm footprints Griffin, L., Rees, E., Hughes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Waterfowl
Results of the EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment of the extraction of marine aggregates in the exploration zone of the Belgian Part of the North Sea De Sutter, R., Mathys, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Social & Economic Data
New Insights and New Tools Regarding Risk to Roseate Terns, Piping Plovers, and Red Knots from Wind Facility Operations on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Gordon, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Shorebirds, Seabirds, Birds
Spatial Factors Affecting Statistical Power in Testing Marine Fauna Displacement Lapeña, B., Wijnberg, K., Stein, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Birds
Environmental Scoping Report Westray South Tidal Array SSE Renewables Report Marine Energy, Tidal Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
A Review of Methods to Monitor Collisions or Micro-Avoidance of Birds with Offshore Wind Turbines - Part 1: Review Strategic Ornithological Support Services Project Collier, M., Dirksen, S., Krijgsveld, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Environmental Science Panel for Marbled Murrelet Underwater Noise Injury Threshold Science Applications International Corporation Report Noise Birds, Seabirds
Seabird Conservation and Tidal Stream and Wave Power Generation: Information Needs for Predicting and Managing Potential Impacts Langton, R., Davies, I., Scott, B. Journal Article Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Habitat Change Seabirds, Birds
Guidance on Survey and Monitoring in Relation to Marine Renewable Deployments in Scotland - Draft Reports Royal Haskoning Report Marine Energy Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Review of Recent Literature Relevant to the Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Devices 2011 Kropp, R. Report Marine Energy Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
GIS-based wind farm site selection using spatial multi-criteria analysis (SMCA): Evaluating the case for New York State van Haaren, R., Fthenakis, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Dogs as a Tool to Improve Bird-Strike Mortality Estimates at Wind Farms Paula, J., Leal, M., Silva, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds
Environmental Aspects of Developing Ireland's Atlantic Marine Energy Test Site (AMETS) Kavanagh, P., Fielding, M., Scally, L. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Marine Mammals
Aerial surveys of seabirds in the Dutch North Sea May 2010- April 2011 Poot, M., Fijn, R., Jonkvorst, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds

Displaying 2201 - 2240 of 2949 results