Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2731

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Wind Turbine Interactions with Wildlife and their Habitats: A Summary of Research Results and Priority Questions American Wind Wildlife Institute (AWWI) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Predicting Spatial Patterns of Eagle Migration using a Mesoscale Atmospheric Model: A Case Study Associated with a Mountain-Ridge Wind Development Ainslie, B., Alexander, N., Johnson, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Post-construction evaluation of bird abundances and distributions in the Horns Rev 2 offshore wind farm area, 2011 and 2012 Petersen, I., Nielsen, R., Mackenzie, M. Report Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds
A Diving Bird Collision Risk Assessment Framework for Tidal Turbines Grant, M., Trinder, M., Harding, N. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Birds
Of birds, blades and barriers: Detecting and analysing mass migration events at alpha ventus Hill, R., Hill, K., Aumuller, R. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Study on the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) Autumn Migration, Northeastern Bulgaria Gerdzhikov, G., Ilieva, M., Nikolov, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Shorebirds
Wind Turbines and Migratory Birds: Avoiding a Collision Between the Energy Industry and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act Evans, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Bird Migration Monitoring in the Saint Nikola Wind Farm Territory, Kaliakra Region in Autumn 2014, an Analysis of Potential Impact after Five Years of Operation Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Reintroduction of White-Tailed Eagles to the Republic of Ireland: A Case Study of Media Coverage Burke, B., Finna, A., Flanagan, D. Journal Article Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Population dynamics in white-tailed eagle at an on-shore wind farm area in coastal Norway Dahl, E. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Power Production in the North Sea Draget, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
On Certain Problems Concerning Environmental Impact Assessment of Wind Turbines in Scope of Acoustic Effects Wszolek, T., Klaczynski, M., Mleczko, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Bats, Birds
PMEC-NETS Annual Operations and Monitoring Report 2013 Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) Report Marine Energy, Wave EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Predicting and Mapping Potential Whooping Crane Stopover Habitat to Guide Site Selection for Wind Energy Projects Belaire, J., Kreakie, B., Keitt, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Effects of Wind Energy Development on Survival of Female Greater Prairie-Chickens Winder, V., NcNew, L., Gregory, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Foraging Ranges of Northern Gannets in Relation to Proposed Offshore Wind Farms in the UK: 2010-2012 Langston, R., Teuten, E., Butler, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Hidden Markov Models for Estimating Animal Mortality from Anthropogenic Hazards Etterson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Wind Turbine Fatalities Approach a Level of Concern in a Raptor Population Bellebaum, J., Korner-Nievergelt, F., Durr, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Final Report: Post-Construction Avian Monitoring Digby Neck Wind Farm Craig, C., Kearney, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Birds
Estimates of Bird Collision Mortality at Wind Facilities in the Contiguous United States of America Loss, S., Will, T., Marra, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
The Influence of Group Size and Social Interactions on Collision Risk with Obstacles Croft, S., Budgey, R., Pitchford, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Fairhead Tidal Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Document McGrath, C. Report Marine Energy, Tidal EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
MaRVEN Research Study - Noise, Vibrations and Electromagnetic Emissions Thomsen, F. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Leaning Juniper II Wind Power Facility Wildlife Fatality Monitoring Study January 2011-July 2013 Downes, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Breeding Bird Surveys Arkwright Summit Wind Project Chautauqua County, New York Lukins, W., Young, D., Bay, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
MRSea Package (version 0.0.1): Statistical Modelling of Bird and Cetacean Distributions in Offshore Renewables Development Areas Scott-Hayward, L., Oedekoven, C., Mackenzie, M. Report Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Birds
Bird Mortality at a Wind-Energy Facility near a Wetland of International Importance Grodsky, S., Jennelle, C., Drake, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Examining potential effects of marine renewable energy developments on top predators Philpott, E. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment
Spatially Explicit Model of Wintering Common Loons: Conservation Implications Winiarski, K., Miller, D., Paton, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Project Phase 1 Intertidal Survey Report Xodus Group Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment
Wave & Tidal Consenting Position Paper Series: Ornithological Impacts Kirby, A., Hawkins, K., Freeman, S. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Birds
Statistical Modelling of Seabird and Cetacean Data: Guidance Document Mackenzie, M., Scott-Hayward, L., Oedekoven, C. Report Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Birds
From Ground to Above Canopy - Bat Activity in Mature Forests is Driven by Vegetation Density and Height Muller, J., Brandl, R., Buchner, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Responses of Local Birds to the Offshore Wind Farms PAWP and OWEZ off the Dutch mainland coast Leopold, M., van Bemmelen, R., Zuur, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Evaluating Greater Sage-Grouse Seasonal Space Use Relative to Leks: Implications for Surface Use Designations in Sagebrush Ecosystems Coates, P., Casazza, M., Blomberg, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Diving Behaviour of Black Guillemots Cepphus grylle in the Pentland Firth, UK: Potential for Interactions with Tidal Stream Energy Developments Masden, E., Foster, S., Jackson, A. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Birds
Nesting Burrowing Owl Density and Abundance in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California Smallwood, K., Neher, L., Mount, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
User Guide for the MRSea Package: Marine Renewables Strategic Environmental Assessment Scott-Hayward, L., Oedekoven, C., Mackenzie, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Marine Mammals, Birds
Modeling the Distribution of Migratory Bird Stopovers to Inform Landscape-Scale Siting of Wind Development Pocewicz, A., Estes-Zumpf, W., Andersen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Little tern Sternula albifrons use of Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm in 2013 Perrow, M., Harwood, A. , Praca, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Displaying 1681 - 1720 of 2731 results