Invertebrates

A broad term that encompasses both marine and terrestrial animals lacking a backbone.

Invertebrates are organisms that lack a backbone. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Benthic invertebrates typically live on the seafloor; common examples include cephalopods (squid, octopus, nautilus), crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters), and mollusks (clams, barnacles). Many benthic invertebrates serve as indicators of ecosystem health and are harvested commercially around the world. Invertebrates that may be found on land include insects, worms, and arachnids.

Electromagnetic fields, noise pollution, changes in flow, and other impacts from offshore developments may affect the health of some benthic invertebrates. Changes in water quality may also alter benthic habitats and the organisms that reside within them negatively. However, the addition of offshore wind energy and marine renewable energy’s subsea cables and support structures to the seafloor may also provide new habitat, potentially acting as artificial reefs and attracting benthic invertebrates. Invertebrates found on land, such as insects, may be attracted to land-based wind energy's lighting and as a result, may be at a heightened risk of collision. 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Invertebrates.

Total: 911

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Cultivating mussels in the Belgian North Sea Pribadi, A.B.K., Donatini, L., Lataire, E. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Wozep Ecological Programme: Tussenstand Wozep 2018 Offshore Wind Ecological Programme (Wozep) Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
ICES WGMBRED Report 2018: Report of the Working Group on Marine Benthal and Renewable Energy Developments (WGMBRED) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Effects of Hypomagnetic Conditions and Reversed Geomagnetic Field on Calcium-Dependent Proteases of Invertebrates and Fish Kantserova, N., Krylov, V., Lysenko, L. Journal Article EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Impacts on Elasmobranch (shark, rays, and skates) and American Lobster Movement and Migration from Direct Current Cables Hutchison, Z., Sigray, P., He, H. Report Marine Energy EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Benthic Monitoring During Wind Turbine Installation and Operation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island Bartley, M., English, P., King, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Appendix E-2 LimnoTech Report - Results of 2017 Aquatic Sampling LimnoTech Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates
The effects of temporary exclusion of activity due to wind farm construction on a lobster (Homarus gammarus) fishery suggests a potential management approach Roach, M., Cohen, M., Forster, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Assessing cumulative socio-ecological impacts of offshore wind farm development in the Bay of Seine (English Channel) Raoux, A., Dambacher, J., Pezy, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
The importance of particle motion to fishes and invertebrates Popper, A., Hawkins, A. Journal Article Noise Fish, Invertebrates
Functional and structural responses to marine urbanisation Mayer-Pinto, M., Cole, V., Johnston, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Avoidance, Attraction Invertebrates
Effects of Moorings on Different Types of Marine Habitat Morrisey, D., Cameron, M., Newcombe, E. Report Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Environmental Effects Monitoring Program Annual Report 2017 Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Report Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Assessing and Managing Effect Spheres of Influence Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Block Island Wind Farm Lobster Ventless Trap Survey Griffin, M., Carey, D. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
Soft sediments epibenthos and fish monitoring at the Belgian offshore wind farm area: situation 6 and 7 years after construction De Backer, A., Hostens, K. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
RECON: Reef effect structures in the North Sea, islands or connections? Summary Report Coolen, J., van der Weide, B., Cuperus, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Habitat Mapping and Assessment of Northeast Wind Energy Areas Guida, V., Drohan, A., Welch, H. Report Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Assessing potential impacts of energized submarine power cables on crab harvests Love, M., Nishimoto, M., Clark, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
New York State Offshore Wind Master Plan: Fish and Fisheries Study Ecology and Environment, Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
New York State Offshore Wind Master Plan: Environmental Sensitivity Analysis Ecology and Environment Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
East Anglia TWO Offshore Windfarm Scoping Report ScottishPower Renewables Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
A Comparison of Fishes and Invertebrates Living in the Vicinity of Energized and Unenergized Submarine Power Cables and Natural Sea Floor off Southern California, USA Love, M., Nishimoto, M., Snook, L. Journal Article EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Good or Bad Vibrations? Impacts of Anthropogenic Vibration on the Marine Epibenthos Roberts, L., Elliott, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Invertebrates
Multiscale hydro-environmental modelling of marine renewable energy devices, with particular application to the severn barrage Bray, S. Thesis Tidal Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Setting an Agenda for Biofouling Research for the Marine Renewable Energy Industry Loxton, J., Macleod, A., Nall, C. Journal Article Marine Energy Invertebrates
Wideband (15–260 kHz) acoustic volume backscattering spectra of Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) and butterfish (Peprilus triacanthus) Jech, J., Lawson, G., Lavery, A. Journal Article Fish, Invertebrates
Wave and Tidal Range Energy Devices Offer Environmental Opportunities as Artificial Reefs Callaway, R., Bertelli, C., Lock, G. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Habitat Change Invertebrates
Tidal Energy: The Benthic Effects of an Operational Tidal Stream Turbine O'Carroll, J., Kennedy, R., Creech, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Changes in Flow Invertebrates
Offshore marine constructions as propagators of moon jellyfish dispersal Vodopivec, M., Peliz, Á ., Malej, A. Journal Article Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
Biodiversity Characterisation and Hydrodynamic Consequences of Marine Fouling Communities on Marine Renewable Energy Infrastructure in the Orkney Islands Archipelago, Scotland, UK Want, A., Crawford, R., Kakkonen, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Habitat Change Invertebrates
Turning Off the DRIP ('Data-Rich, Information-Poor') - Rationalising Monitoring with a Focus on Marine Renewable Energy Developments and the Benthos Wilding, T., Gill, A., Boon, A. Journal Article Marine Energy Invertebrates, Ecosystem Processes
Distribution and abundance of cetaceans in a wind energy development area offshore of Massachusetts and Rhode Island Stone, K., Leiter, S., Kenney, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Underwater operational noise level emitted by a tidal current turbine and its potential impact on marine fauna Lossent, J., Gervaise, C., Iorio, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Storm effects on intertidal invertebrates: increased beta diversity of few individuals and species Corte, G., Schlacher, T., Checon, H. Journal Article Invertebrates, Human Dimensions
Characterisation of the Biofouling Community on a Floating Wave Energy Device Nall, C., Schläppy, M., Guerin, A. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
Macrobenthos in offshore wind farms: a review of research, results and relevance for future developments Jak, R., Glorius, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 1. Onshore: Potential Effects Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals
Wave energy and flow reduce the abundance and size of benthic species on oyster reefs Lunt, J., Reustle, J., Smee, D. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Invertebrates
Offshore exposure experiments on cuttlefish indicate received sound pressure and particle motion levels associated with acoustic trauma Solé, M., Sigray, P., Lenoir, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates
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