Invertebrates

A broad term that encompasses both marine and terrestrial animals lacking a backbone.

Invertebrates are organisms that lack a backbone. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Benthic invertebrates typically live on the seafloor; common examples include cephalopods (squid, octopus, nautilus), crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters), and mollusks (clams, barnacles). Many benthic invertebrates serve as indicators of ecosystem health and are harvested commercially around the world. Invertebrates that may be found on land include insects, worms, and arachnids.

Electromagnetic fields, noise pollution, changes in flow, and other impacts from offshore developments may affect the health of some benthic invertebrates. Changes in water quality may also alter benthic habitats and the organisms that reside within them negatively. However, the addition of offshore wind energy and marine renewable energy’s subsea cables and support structures to the seafloor may also provide new habitat, potentially acting as artificial reefs and attracting benthic invertebrates. Invertebrates found on land, such as insects, may be attracted to land-based wind energy's lighting and as a result, may be at a heightened risk of collision. 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Invertebrates.

Total: 895

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Assessment of Benthic Effects of Anchor Presence and Removal Henkel, S. Report Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
The most Important Environmental Project in a German Offshore Wind Farm: Accompanying Ecological Research on the Offshore Test Field Project Alpha Ventus Beiersdorf, A., Boethling, M., Binder, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Lobsters and Crabs in the Rhode Island Massachusetts Wind Energy Area Collie, J., King, J. Report Wind Energy Invertebrates
Effects of an Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) on the Common Shore Crab Carcinus maenas: Tagging Pilot Experiments in the Lillgrund Offshore Wind Farm (Sweden) Langhamer, O., Holand, H., Rosenqvist, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Potential effects of electromagnetic fields in the Dutch North Sea Phase 1: Desk Study Snoek, R., Swart, R., Didderen, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Camera technology for monitoring marine biodiversity and human impact Bicknell, A., Godley, B., Sheehan, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Invertebrates, Fish
Habitats and Species Surveys in the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Marine Scotland Summary Marine Energy, Wind Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Exposure of benthic invertebrates to sediment vibration: From laboratory experiments to outdoor simulated pile-driving Roberts, L., Harding, H., Voellmy, I. Conference Paper Noise Invertebrates
Historical Data Reveal 30-Year Persistence of Benthic Fauna Associations in Heavily Modified Waterbody Callaway, R. Journal Article Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates
Do Changes in Current Flow as a Result of Arrays of Tidal Turbines Have an Effect on Benthic Communities? Kregting, L., Elsaesser, B., Kennedy, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Changes in Flow Invertebrates
Distribution of the invasive Caprella mutica Schurin, 1935 and native Caprella linearis (Linnaeus, 1767) on artificial hard substrates in the North Sea: separation by habitat Coolen, J., Lengkeek, W., Degraer, S. Journal Article Habitat Change Invertebrates
The Effects of Artificial Structures on Estuarine Infaunal Communities and Offshore Biofouling Communities Mendoza, M. Thesis Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
Patterns of Benthic Mega-Invertebrate Habitat Associations in the Pacific Northwest Continental Shelf Waters: A Reassessment Hemery, L., Henkel, S. Journal Article Invertebrates
A review of crustacean sensitivity to high amplitude underwater noise: Data needs for effective risk assessment in relation to UK commercial species Edmonds, N., Firmin, C., Goldsmith, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Short-term effects of fishery exclusion in offshore wind farms on macrofaunal communities in the Belgian part of the North Sea Coates, D., Kapasakali, D., Vincx, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Marine Biogeographic Assessment of the Main Hawaiian Islands Costa, B., Kendall, M. Report Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Effect of magnetic pulses on Caribbean spiny lobsters: implications for magnetoreception Ernst, D., Lohmann, K. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Role of Benthic Habitat Distribution Data in Coastal Water Wind Turbine Site Selection Sahla, M., Kalliola, R., Haldin, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Feasibility of Sensor Development for Monitoring Marine Growth Yunnie, A., Vance, T., Ramsden, R. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Invertebrates
Renewable Energy in situ Power Cable Observation Love, M., Nishimoto, M., Clark, S. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, EMF Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates
Buried Alive: The Behavioural Response of the Mussels, Modiolus modiolus and Mytilus edulis to Sudden Burial by Sediment Hutchison, Z., Hendrick, V., Burrows, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Towards an Integrated Approach to Marine Benthic Monitoring Froján, C., Cooper, K., Bolam, S. Journal Article Invertebrates
Environmental Assessment for Decommissioning of Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm Ørsted Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Guidelines For Environmental Impact Studies On Marine Biodiversity For Offshore Windfarm Projects In The Baltic Sea Region Baltic Environmental Forum – Latvia Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Environmental Monitoring of the Paimpol-Brehat Tidal Project Barillier, A., Carlier, A. Presentation Marine Energy, Tidal Habitat Change, Noise Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Sediment Burial Intolerance of Marine Macroinvertebrates Hendrick, V., Hutchison, Z., Last, K. Journal Article Marine Energy Invertebrates
Biofouling Community Composition across a Range of Environmental Conditions and Geographical Locations Suitable for Floating Marine Renewable Energy Generation Macleod, A., Stanley, M., Day, J. Journal Article Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
Anthropogenic Sources of Underwater Sound can Modify how Sediment-Dwelling Invertebrates Mediate Ecosystem Properties Solan, M., Hauton, C., Godbold, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Riverine Noise Invertebrates
Potential Impact of Submarine Power Cables on Crab Harvest Bull, A., Nishimoto, M. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, EMF Invertebrates
Marine Fouling Assemblages on Offshore Gas Platforms in the Southern North Sea: Effects of Depth and Distance from Shore on Biodiversity van der Stap, T., Coolen, J., Lindeboom, H. Journal Article Habitat Change Invertebrates
Environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: Environmental impact monitoring reloaded Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Effects of Underwater Turbine Noise on Crab Larval Metamorphosis Pine, M., Jeffs, A., Radford, C. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Invertebrates
Subsea Cable Interactions with the Marine Environment NIRAS Consulting, Renewables Grid Initiative Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Water Quality
Acoustic classification of coexisting taxa in a coastal ecosystem Sato, M., Horne, J., Parker-Stetter, S. Journal Article Fish, Invertebrates
SSF Scapa Flow Sites Benthic ROV Survey St Margaret's Hope Aquatera Report Habitat Change Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Perceptions of fishers and developers on the co-location of offshore wind farms and decapod fisheries in the UK Hooper, T., Ashley, M., Austen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Sensitivity of the Mussel Mytilus edulis to Substrate-Borne Vibration in Relation to Anthropogenically Generated Noise Roberts, L., Cheesman, S., Breithaupt, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Invertebrates
Wales' Marine Evidence Report Welsh Government Report Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Impacts of Anthropogenic Noise on Marine Life: Publication Patterns, New Discoveries, and Future Directions in Research and Management Williams, R., Wright, A., Ashe, E. Journal Article Noise Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Benthic Monitoring and Sampling Design and Effort to Detect Spatial Changes: A Case Study using Data from Offshore Wind Farm Sites Franco, A., Quintino, V., Elliott, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
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