Invertebrates

A broad term that encompasses both marine and terrestrial animals lacking a backbone.

Invertebrates are organisms that lack a backbone. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Benthic invertebrates typically live on the seafloor; common examples include cephalopods (squid, octopus, nautilus), crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters), and mollusks (clams, barnacles). Many benthic invertebrates serve as indicators of ecosystem health and are harvested commercially around the world. Invertebrates that may be found on land include insects, worms, and arachnids.

Electromagnetic fields, noise pollution, changes in flow, and other impacts from offshore developments may affect the health of some benthic invertebrates. Changes in water quality may also alter benthic habitats and the organisms that reside within them negatively. However, the addition of offshore wind energy and marine renewable energy’s subsea cables and support structures to the seafloor may also provide new habitat, potentially acting as artificial reefs and attracting benthic invertebrates. Invertebrates found on land, such as insects, may be attracted to land-based wind energy's lighting and as a result, may be at a heightened risk of collision. 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Invertebrates.

Total: 911

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Assessing larval connectivity for marine spatial planning in the Adriatic Bray, L., Kassis, D., Hall-Spencer, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Development of a Video Trawl Survey System for New England Groundfish DeCelles, G., Keiley, E., Lowery, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Visual Impacts
Appendix E-1 LimnoTech Report - Results of 2016 Aquatic Sampling LimnoTech Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates
Interim Report of the Working Group on Marine Benthal and Renewable Energy Developments (WGMBRED) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions
A Sound Approach to Assessing the Impact of Underwater Noise on Marine Fishes and Invertebrates Hawkins, A., Popper, A. Journal Article Noise Invertebrates, Fish
Effects Matrix for Evaluating Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy Development on U.S. Atlantic Coastal Habitats Latham, P., Fiore, W., Bauman, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Identifying Relevant Scales of Variability for Monitoring Epifaunal Reef Communities at a Tidal Energy Extraction Site O'Carroll, J., Kennedy, R., Savidge, G. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Invertebrates
Mobile Demersal Megafauna at Common Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations in the German Bight (North Sea) Two Years after Deployment - Increased Production Rate of Cancer pagurus Krone, R., Dederer, G., Kanstinger, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Benthic effects of artificial structures deployed in a tidal estuary Mendoza, M., Henkel, S. Journal Article Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Invertebrates
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: a Continued move towards Integration and Quantification Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment
Benthic and Fish Aggregation Inside an Offshore Wind Farm: Which Effects on the Trophic Web Functioning? Raoux, A., Tecchio, S., Pezy, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
Review on behavioral impacts of aquatic noise on crustaceans Tidau, S., Briffa, M. Conference Paper Noise Invertebrates
Evidence of Cnidarians sensitivity to sound after exposure to low frequency noise underwater sources Solé, M., Lenoir, M., Fortuno, J-M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates
The location of offshore wave power devices structures epifaunal assemblages Langhamer, O. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Habitat Change Invertebrates
A Benthic Habitat Monitoring Approach for Marine and Hydrokinetic Sites Revelas, G., Sackmann, B., Jones, C. Research Study Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Installation and operational effects of a HVDC submarine cable in a continental shelf setting: Bass Strait, Australia Sherwood, J., Chidgey, S., Crockett, P. Journal Article EMF, Habitat Change Invertebrates
Assessment of Benthic Effects of Anchor Presence and Removal Henkel, S. Report Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
The most Important Environmental Project in a German Offshore Wind Farm: Accompanying Ecological Research on the Offshore Test Field Project Alpha Ventus Beiersdorf, A., Boethling, M., Binder, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Lobsters and Crabs in the Rhode Island Massachusetts Wind Energy Area Collie, J., King, J. Report Wind Energy Invertebrates
Effects of an Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) on the Common Shore Crab Carcinus maenas: Tagging Pilot Experiments in the Lillgrund Offshore Wind Farm (Sweden) Langhamer, O., Holand, H., Rosenqvist, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Potential effects of electromagnetic fields in the Dutch North Sea Phase 1: Desk Study Snoek, R., Swart, R., Didderen, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Camera technology for monitoring marine biodiversity and human impact Bicknell, A., Godley, B., Sheehan, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Invertebrates, Fish
Habitats and Species Surveys in the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Marine Scotland Summary Marine Energy, Wind Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Exposure of benthic invertebrates to sediment vibration: From laboratory experiments to outdoor simulated pile-driving Roberts, L., Harding, H., Voellmy, I. Conference Paper Noise Invertebrates
Historical Data Reveal 30-Year Persistence of Benthic Fauna Associations in Heavily Modified Waterbody Callaway, R. Journal Article Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates
Do Changes in Current Flow as a Result of Arrays of Tidal Turbines Have an Effect on Benthic Communities? Kregting, L., Elsaesser, B., Kennedy, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Changes in Flow Invertebrates
Distribution of the invasive Caprella mutica Schurin, 1935 and native Caprella linearis (Linnaeus, 1767) on artificial hard substrates in the North Sea: separation by habitat Coolen, J., Lengkeek, W., Degraer, S. Journal Article Habitat Change Invertebrates
The Effects of Artificial Structures on Estuarine Infaunal Communities and Offshore Biofouling Communities Mendoza, M. Thesis Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
Patterns of Benthic Mega-Invertebrate Habitat Associations in the Pacific Northwest Continental Shelf Waters: A Reassessment Hemery, L., Henkel, S. Journal Article Invertebrates
A review of crustacean sensitivity to high amplitude underwater noise: Data needs for effective risk assessment in relation to UK commercial species Edmonds, N., Firmin, C., Goldsmith, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Short-term effects of fishery exclusion in offshore wind farms on macrofaunal communities in the Belgian part of the North Sea Coates, D., Kapasakali, D., Vincx, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Marine Biogeographic Assessment of the Main Hawaiian Islands Costa, B., Kendall, M. Report Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Effect of magnetic pulses on Caribbean spiny lobsters: implications for magnetoreception Ernst, D., Lohmann, K. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Role of Benthic Habitat Distribution Data in Coastal Water Wind Turbine Site Selection Sahla, M., Kalliola, R., Haldin, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Feasibility of Sensor Development for Monitoring Marine Growth Yunnie, A., Vance, T., Ramsden, R. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Invertebrates
Renewable Energy in situ Power Cable Observation Love, M., Nishimoto, M., Clark, S. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, EMF Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates
Buried Alive: The Behavioural Response of the Mussels, Modiolus modiolus and Mytilus edulis to Sudden Burial by Sediment Hutchison, Z., Hendrick, V., Burrows, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Towards an Integrated Approach to Marine Benthic Monitoring Froján, C., Cooper, K., Bolam, S. Journal Article Invertebrates
Environmental Assessment for Decommissioning of Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm Ørsted Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Guidelines For Environmental Impact Studies On Marine Biodiversity For Offshore Windfarm Projects In The Baltic Sea Region Baltic Environmental Forum – Latvia Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
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