Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2731

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
The bird migration monitoring in the AES Geo Power Wind Park territory, Kaliakra region in autumn 2008 Zehtindjiev, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Passerines, Birds
Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Offshore Wind-Farms OSPAR Commission Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Post-construction Avian and Bat Fatality Monitoring and Grassland Bird Displacement Surveys at the Judith Gap Wind Energy Project, Wheatland County, Montana TRC Environmental Corporation Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Sex-Based Mortality of Common Tern in Farm Collisions Stienen, E., Courtens, W., Everaert, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Avian information systems: Developing web-based bird avoidance models Shamoun-Baranes, J., Bouten, W., Buurma, L. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance Birds
Investigations of the Bird Collision Risk and the Responses of Harbour Porpoises in the Offshore Wind Farms Horns Rev, North Sea, and Nysted, Baltic Sea, in Denmark - Part I: Birds Blew, J., Hoffmann, M., Nehls, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Pre- and Post-Construction Studies of Conflicts Between Birds and Wind Turbines in Coastal Norway: Status Report 1st January 2008 Bevanger, K., Follestad, A., Gjershaug, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Intersectoral Assessment of Impacts on Seabirds: Baseline Report for a Comprehensive Environmental Management Plan for the Norwegian Sea Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Bustnes, J., Follestad, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Green Light For Nocturnally Migrating Birds Poot, H., Ens, B., De Vries, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Lighting Birds
Puget Sound Energy Wild Horse Wind Facility Post-Construction Avian and Bat Monitoring, First Annual Report: January - December 2007 Erickson, W., Jeffrey, J., Poulton, V. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Impacts of Wind Farms on Upland Habitats: The Environmental Cost of Scotland's Renewable Revolution The John Muir Trust Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Impacts of Wind Energy Development on Birds and Bats: Looking into the Problem Edkins, M. Report Wind Energy Seabirds, Raptors, Birds, Bats
Investigations of the Bird Collision Risk and the Responses of Harbour Porpoises in the Offshore Wind Farms Horns Rev, North Sea, and Nysted, Baltic Sea, in Denmark - Part II: Harbour porpoises Diederichs, A., Hennig, V., Nehls, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals
Bird Mortality in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California Smallwood, K., Thelander, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Green Light to Birds: Investigation into the Effect of Bird-Friendly Lighting van de Laar, F. Report Lighting Birds, Passerines, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Wind Turbines and Sensitive Bird Populations: A Spatial Planning Guide for On-Shore Wind Farm Developments in Cumbria Youngs, T., Shackleton, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
The Migration Ecology of Birds Newton, I. Book Birds
Klondike III Wind Project: Habitat Mitigation Plan Oregon Department of Energy Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Probability of Impact Workshop National Wind Coordinating Collaborative Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Assessing Impacts of Wind-Energy Development on Nocturnally Active Birds and Bats: A Guidance Document Kunz, T., Arnett, E., Cooper, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Estimating Wind Turbine Caused Bird Mortality Smallwood, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Risk management model of birds and a wind farm Shimada, Y., Matsuda, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Modelling Total Numbers and Distribution of Common Scoter Melanitta nigra at Horns Rev Petersen, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Waterfowl, Birds
Breeding and Overland Flight of Red- Throated Divers (Gavia stellata) at Smøla, Norway, in relation to the Smøla wind farm Halley, D., Hopshaug, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Waterfowl
Further Use of Aerial Surveys to Detect Bird Displacement by Offshore Windfarms Maclean, I., Skov, H., Rehfisch, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Critical Literature Review Impact of Wind Energy and Related Human Activities on Grassland and Shrub-Steppe Birds Mabey, S., Paul, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Spring 2007 Radar, Visual, and Acoustic Survey of Bird and Bat Migration at the Proposed Windpark in Coos County, New Hampshire by Granite Reliable Power, LLC Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Fall 2006 Radar Surveys of Nighttime Migration Activity at the Proposed Windpark in Coos County, New Hampshire by Granite Reliable Power, LLC Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Seabird Survey Programme Findings, Humber Gateway Windfarm University of Hull Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Trial High Definition Video Survey of Seabirds Mellor, M., Craig, T., Baillie, D. Report Wind Energy Seabirds, Birds
Nygårdsfjellet Wind Park, Phase 2. Studies of Spring Migrating Birds Jacobsen, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Potential Use of Population Viability Analysis to Assess the Impact of Offshore Windfarms on Bird Populations Maclean, I., Frederiksen, M., Rehfisch, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Waterfowl, Seabirds, Birds
Post-Construction Avian Monitoring Study for the Shiloh I Wind Power Project Solano County, California Year One Final Report Kerlinger, P., Curry, R., Culp, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Passerines, Birds, Bats
Ecological Baseline Studies for the Hatchet Ridge Wind Energy Project, Shasta County, California Young, D. Jr., Johnson, G., Poulton, V. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Flight Speeds among Bird Species: Allometric and Phylogenetic Effects Alerstam, T., Rosen, M., Backman, J. Journal Article Birds, Passerines, Waterfowl
Wind Energy Development and Wildlife Conservation: Challenges and Opportunities Kuvlesky, W. Jr., Brennan, L., Morrison, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Physical Environment, Birds
Magnetic Maps in Animals: Nature's GPS Lohmann, K., Lohmann, C., Putman, N. Journal Article EMF Birds, Invertebrates, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Geographic Assignment of Seabirds to their Origin: Combining Morphologic, Genetic, and Biogeochemical Analyses Gomez-Diaz, E., Gonzalez-Solis, J. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
Spectral Density of Polarimetric Variables Separating Biological Scatters in the VAD Display Bachmann, S., Zrnić, D. Journal Article Passerines, Birds
Burrowing Owl Mortality in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Smallwood, K., Thelander, C., Morrison, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Displaying 2321 - 2360 of 2731 results