Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2731

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Testing sensitivity of metrics of seabird population response to offshore wind farm effects Cook, A., Robinson, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Satellite-Tracking of Bewick's Swan Migration in Relation to Offshore and Onshore Wind Farm Sites: Final Report Griffin, L.R., Rees, E.C., Hughes, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Testing sensitivity of metrics of seabird population response to offshore wind farm impacts Cook, A., Robinson, R. Report Wind Energy Collision, Displacement Birds
Contrasting effects of GPS device and harness attachment on adult survival of Lesser Black‐backed Gulls Larus fuscus and Great Skuas Stercorarius skua Thaxter, C., Ross-Smith, V., Clark, J. Journal Article Marine Energy Birds
Reconciling endangered species conservation with wind farm development: Cinereous vultures (Aegypius monachus) in south-eastern Europe Vasilakis, D., Whitfield, D., Schindler, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
ABC’s Bird-Smart Wind Energy Campaign: Protecting Birds from Poorly Sited Wind Energy Development Hutchins, M., Parr, M., Schroeder, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Wind Energy Development: Methods to Assess Bird and Bat Fatality Rates Post-Construction Huso, M., Dalthorp, D., Miller, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Final Report Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Bird Fatality Study, Monitoring Years 2005–2013 ICF International Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Avian Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities in North America: A Comparison of Recent Approaches Johnson, D., Loss, S., Smallwood, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Wind Energy Industry Eagle Detection and Deterrents: Research Gaps and Solutions Workshop Summary Report Sinclair, K., DeGeorge, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Framework for Testing the Effectiveness of Bat and Eagle Impact-Reduction Strategies at Wind Energy Projects Sinclair, K., DeGeorge, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Raptors, Birds, Bats
Impact of Wind Energy on Wildlife: Synthesis Leopold, B., Hutchins, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Mitigating Wind Energy Impacts on Wildlife: Approaches for Multiple Taxa Arnett, E., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
A Theoretical Approach to Estimating Bird Risk of Collision with Wind Turbines Where Empirical Flight Activity Data Are Lacking Furness, R., Trinder, M., MacArthur, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision Birds
Predictive Modelling to Identify Near-Shore, Fine-Scale Seabird Distributions during the Breeding Season Warwick-Evans, V., Atkinson, P., Robinson, L. Journal Article Marine Energy Birds, Seabirds
Ten of the worst-cited wind energy projects for birds American Bird Conservancy Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Indirect Effects of an Existing Wind Energy Facility on Lekking Behavior of Greater Prairie-Chickens Smith, J., Whalen, C., Brown, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Prioritizing Avian Species for Their Risk of Population Level Consequences from Wind Energy Development Beston, J., Diffendorfer, J., Loss, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Addressing the factors that juxtapose raptors and wind turbines Hunt,G., Watson, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Predictive mapping of seabirds, pinnipeds and cetaceans off the Pacific Coast of Washington Menza, C., Leirness, J., White, T. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment
Assessing the Impact of Small-Scale Wind Energy Proposals on the Natural Heritage Scottish Natural Heritage Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Guidelines For Environmental Impact Studies On Marine Biodiversity For Offshore Windfarm Projects In The Baltic Sea Region Baltic Environmental Forum – Latvia Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Coastal Impact of Onshore Wind Farms in Australia Harvey, N., Dew, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Assessing spring direct mortality to avifauna from wind energy facilities in the Dakotas Graff, B., Jenks, J., Stafford, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Vertical Flow Simulations Using the Mesoscale Model to Assess Impacts on Soaring Birds around Offshore Wind Turbines Konagaya, M., Takahashi, M., Kato, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds
Spatiotemporal drivers of seabird distribution at the Pacific Marine Energy Center off Newport, OR Porquez, J. Thesis Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Seabirds
The Use of an Unsupervised Learning Approach for Characterizing Latent Behaviors in Accelerometer Data Chimienti, M., Cornulier, T., Owen, E. Journal Article Birds
London Array Offshore Wind Farm: Ornithology Aerial Survey Report 2013 / 2014 APEM Ltd Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Effects of wind‐energy facilities on breeding grassland bird distributions Shaffer, J., Buhl, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Kincardine Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Appendix B: Aerial Surveys Report HiDef Aerial Surveying Ltd Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals
Beatrice Offshore Windfarm - Pre-construction Aerial Survey Report Trinder, M., MacArthur, G. Report Wind Energy Birds
Nova Bluemull Sound - Appropriate Assessment Marine Scotland Science Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: Environmental impact monitoring reloaded Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Avian Collision Risk Models for Wind Energy Impact Assessments Masden, E., Cook, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Impacts to Birds and Bats Due to Collisions and Electrocutions from Some Tall Structures in the United States: Wires, Towers, Turbines, and Solar Arrays - State of the Art in Addressing the Problems Manville, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
A Self-Contained Subsea Platform for Acoustic Monitoring of the Environment Around Marine Renewable Energy Devices - Field Deployments at Wave and Tidal Energy Sites in Orkney, Scotland Williamson, B., Blondel, P., Armstrong, E. Journal Article Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Bird collisions at an offshore platform in the North Sea Hüppop, O., Huppop, K., Diersche, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Data to Decision in a Dynamic Ocean: Robust Species Distribution Models and Spatial Decision Frameworks Halpin, P. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism
Collision Risk Model for "rufa" Red Knots (Calidris canutus rufa) Interacting with a Proposed Offshore Wind Energy Facility in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts Gordon, C., Nations, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Shorebirds
Offshore Wind Power for Marine Conservation Hammar, L., Perry, D., Gullström, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Displaying 1401 - 1440 of 2731 results